الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out during 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons to identify the best cross(es) for Orobanche tolerance by their combining ability and molecular analysis (RAPD and SSR) among the four parents (Misr1, Giza843, Sakha2 and Nubaria1) and their six F1 crosses and six F2 populations which were produced using half-diallel mating, in addition to parents, M1 and M2 genotypes under Orobanche infested soil conditions. The results of crossing showed that the parental cultivars Giza843 and Sakha2 were good combiners for Orobanche tolerance. While, the parents Misr1 and Giza843 were proved to be the best general combiners for improving yield and its components in both generations. Crosses Giza843 x Sakha2 and Sakha2 x Nubaria1 had significant specific combining ability (SCA) and heterotic effects for Orobanche spikes/plant, yield and yield components in both generations. Molecular markers were utilized as marker assisted selection technique in breeding faba bean for Orobanche tolerance. Positive markers were recorded in genotypes, Misr1 [433 bp (GA11-59)] and Giza843 [230bp (GA11-8)] by using SSR markers. In addition to, cross P1*P2(R) [263 bp (OPH-02)], P2 x P3 [896 bp (OPH-04) and 1218 bp (OPH-03)] and P3 x P4 [357 bp (OPH-01)] by using RAPD markers. The results of mutation showed that Misr1 plants treated with 25 Gy of gamma rays followed by Misr1 plants treated with 0.4% of EMS exceeded all studied genotypes including; parents, F1 crosses and F2 populations and other mutated plants.