الفهرس 
Traumatic brain injuryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most common cause of death and disability in persons between 15 and 30 years of age. TBI is the most serious and preventable major public health problem.(1)Improvement of recovery is a challenging process in cases with varying degrees of severe brain injury requiring intensive care.(2)Fortunately, a number of pharmacological interventions show promise in helping patients cope with these losses and deficits.Medications may be used to support recovery, Examples are Erythropoietin (EPO) and Antiparkinsonian drugs (Amantadine Sulphate).(7)Amantadine Sulphate is a reasonable option for improving cognition and reducing agitation following a TBI. Amantadine is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after traumatic brain injury.(4)Preliminary studies have suggested that amantadine may promote functional recovery.(169)As regard Erythropoietin (EPO), many studies results confirmed that EPO is endogenous cytokines of the central nervous system, and play a neurotrophic and neuroprotective role.(10)EPO has effects, independent of those on erythropoiesis,which are relevant to patients who have had a TBI. EPO crosses the blood-brain barrier and targets multiple mechanisms known to cause secondary injury after TBI, including anti-edematous, antiexcitotoxic,antioxidant, anti-apoptotic activity, anti-inflammatory mechanisms activity and protective neurological effects in the presence of hypoxia and ischemia.(12)