الفهرس 
? Molecular Genetics of Breast CancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women, accounting for 14% of cancer-related deaths.
Breast cancer can be divided into different subtypes, based on immune- histochemical (IHC) marker expression or on gene expression array data. IHC-markers are routinely used in most diagnostic labs. Hormone receptor status is used for the assignment of endocrine therapy, whereas HER2 overexpression identifies tumors sensitive to trastuzumab.
Breast cancer can recur even decades after the primary therapy. Approximately 10 to 15 percent of patients undergoing breast conserving therapy) BCT (for operable breast cancer will develop a locoregional recurrence within 10 years. This risk is slightly higher than that of a locoregional recurrence following mastectomy (5 to 10 percent).
The estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), proliferation marker (Ki-67), and cytokeratin CK5 were studied to find out whether their expression or occurrence in subgroups of breast cancers correlated with the time of recurrence.
A small number of single biomarkers, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), and have been used for several years to predict the prognosis of breast cancer and to guide its therapy.
The decrease in breast cancer death rates is thought to represent progress in both earlier detection and improved treatment modalities.