الفهرس 
HydrocephalusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
OBJECT:
This study aims at reviewing available scientific data based on clinical trials about the efficacy of secondary ETV in shunt malfunction that might raise the hope of shunt independence , reduction of shunt related morbidities and reduction of economic burden of shunt hardware usage
METHODS:
The Study review yielded thirteen relevant papers with total number of patients four hundred and ninety seven (497) patients operated for Endoscopic third ventriculostomy in variable cases of Both adult and pediatric patients with hydrocephalus of both communicating and non communicating nature with shunt malfunction.either mechanical failure or shunt infection.Causes of hydrocephalus included tumor, Chiari malformation Types I and II , aqueduct stenosis, spina bifida, post meningitic hydrocephalus and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Successful ETV was defined as resolution of symptoms with shunt independence.
RESULTS:
Secondary ETV showed to be successful in 342 cases (68.8%) in the form of shunt independence and failure in 155 cases (31.18%) with median follow up period 3 years (range 0.5-5.2 years).
CONCLUSIONS:
Success of secondary ETV reaching 68.8% in heterogeneous groups of patients showing heterogeneity in many fields including number of patients, age group, primary etiology of hydrocephalus, presenting cause of shunt malfunction, Shunt-ETV interval , number of previous shunting and also the postoperative management strategy.