الفهرس 
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Rates of type 2 diabetes have increased markedly since 1960 in parallel with obesity.
As of 2013 there were approximately 368 million people diagnosed with the disease compared to around 30 million in 1985. Typically it begins in middle or older age, although rates of type 2 diabetes are increasing in young people. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a ten-year-shorter life expectancy. Diabetes was one of the first diseases described.
Type 2 diabetes can lead to organ damage throughout the body. In addition to chronic complications, diabetes is related to hypogonadism, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoporosis, cancer, and Male hypogonadism seriously affects the quality of life in patients with diabetes.
Male hypogonadism is a common disease characterized by certain clinical features and low levels of serum free testosterone. Its typical clinical manifestations include physical decline, memory loss, difficulty paying attention, depression, loss of libido, and erectile dysfunction. It significantly impacts patients‘ quality of life.
Decreases in free testosterone levels can lead to different degrees of pathophysiologic change in bone, muscle, fat, and the cardiovascular system. It has been found that male hypogonadism is caused by a variety of chronic diseases.
Recently, it has been shown that hypogonadism is closely related to the development of diabete. It has been confirmed that male patients with type 2 diabetes are significantly more likely to develop hypogonadism:
the proportions of diabetes patients with low total testosterone (TT) levels are 36.5%.
This study was carried out to evaluate serum free testosterone levels as an indicator of hypogonadism in male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This study included 80 subjects who were classified into 2 group:
•Case group: this group included 40 patients with type 2 DM.
•Control group: this group included 40 healthy control persons. All patients were clinically evaluated, had routine laboratory investigations and assessment of HbA1c and free testosterone and those who had low levels of free testosterone they undergone assessment of circulating levels of FSH and LH.
By analyzing and processing the data obtained from the history, clinical examination and lab work the study declares that:
Comparison between the two group regarding baseline general characteristics revealed no significant difference between the two groups as regard age, waist circumference and body mass index (BMI).
As regard laboratory investigations there was significant difference between two groups regarding; glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as its leves were elevated in case group and free testosterone as its levels were decreased among case group..
There was significant difference between the two groups regarding the presence of erectile dysfunction and hypogonadism as their percentages were increased in the case group.
Comparison between diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction and those without erectile dysfunction regarding baseline general characteristics revealed no significant difference between two group regarding age, waist circumference and BMI. However, there was significant difference between two groups regarding duration of DM as the duration was increased in patients with erectile dysfunction.
Comparison between diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction and those without erectile dysfunction regarding laboratory investigations revealed no significant difference between two groups regarding HbA1c. However, there was significant difference between two groups regarding free testosterone.
Comparison between diabetic patients with hypogonadism and diabetic patients with eugonadism regarding baseline general characteristics revealed no significant difference between two group regarding age, waist circumference, BMI and duration of DM.
Comparison between diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction and those without erectile dysfunction regarding hypogonadism revealed that hypogonadism was significantly increased among diabetic patients with erectile dysfunction.
Comparison between diabetic patients with hypogonadism and diabetic patients with eugonadism regarding HbA1c revealed that diabetic patients with hypogonadism had significant elevated levels of HbA1c.
Comparison between patients with hypogonadism in the two groups regarding the level of FSH and LH revealed that the case groups had significantly elevated levels of FSH, however, there was no difference between two groups as regard LH.
The correlation study revealed no significant relation between serum free testosterone and age, BMI and waist circumference. However, there was inverse significant correlation between serum free testosterone and duration of diabetes and HbA1c.