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Abstract Adolescence is the most difficult and critical period of development for both adolescents and their parent. All parents have their own unique styles of dealing with their adolescents. Parenting styles are effective factors which contribute to the good and bad development of adolescents. The way parents interact with their children has a direct effect on their development– their level of confidence and self-esteem, their sense of security, their emotional intelligence, the way they relate to others, how they deal with authority, and their performance in school. Thus we can say that parenting styles play an important role in influencing adolescents emotional intelligence and self-esteem. The aim of the study was to: Assess the relationship between perceived parenting styles, emotional intelligence, and self-esteem among adolescents. Sample: Multi-stage random sample of 340 students was randomly selected who were fulfilling the following inclusion and exclusion criteria; both genders, age ranges from 14-18 years, accept to participate in the study, First and the second year of secondary school, both parents and free from any physical and psychiatric illness Design: A descriptive correlational design was utilized in the conduction of this study. Setting: This study was conducted at one mixed secondary school at Saft-Gedam, Tala city, Menoufyia Governorate to be representative of the target population. The following instruments were used to fulfill the aim of the study: Tool(1): -Structured interview questionnaire It was divided into two parts:- Part (1): to assess socio- demographic characteristics of the students including age, sex, place of residence and information about families such as father and mother’s occupation, age, income and educational level. Part (2): Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) PAQ is a 30-item scale developed by Buri designed to measure adolescents’ perception of parenting styles .It was translated by the researcher into Arabic. The PAQ contains three sub-scales: authoritarian, authoritative and permissive. Students were asked to indicate their agreement with each question using a five-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”. Tool (2) Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale The scale is a 10-item scale developed by Rosenberg designed to measure self-esteem of adolescence (Bar-On, 2000). Students were asked to indicate their agreement with each question using a four-point Likert scale ranging from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”. Tool (3) Bar-On Emotional Quotient- Inventory The Inventory is a 40-item scale developed by Bar-On designed to measure emotional intelligence of adolescence (Bar-On, 2000). The Inventory contains five sub-scales: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Stress management, Adaptability and General mood. The main results of the study showed that: • The mean age of the studied sample was 16.3±0.61. • Highly statistically significant positive correlation was found between authoritative parenting style of both parents and both emotional intelligence and self-esteem of studied sample. • Highly statistically significant positive correlation was found between emotional intelligence and self-esteem. • Statistically significant relations were found between student gender and authoritarian parenting styles, permissive parenting styles and also self-esteem. • Statistically significant relation was found between self-esteem and education level of mother. • Statistically significant negative correlation was found between student’s age and self-esteem while positive correlation between student’s age and emotional intelligence. • Statistically significant relation was found between emotional intelligence and student’s birth order. • Highly statistically significant positive correlation was found between fathers’ and mothers’ age and authoritative parenting styles and also authoritarian parenting styles. • Highly statistically significant positive correlation was found between authoritative parenting style and income level, while negative correlation between authoritarian style and income level. • Highly statistically significant positive correlation was found between self-esteem and income level. Statistically significant relation was found between quality of parent’s relationship and authoritative parenting styles of parents. • Statistically significant relation was found between quality of parent’s relationship and authoritarian parenting styles of parents. • Statistically significant relation was found between quality of parent’s relationship and self-esteem. • Statistically significant relation was found between history of parent’s chronic diseases (psychotic or physical) and authoritarian parenting styles of parents • Statistically significant relation was found between Job of father and mother and authoritarian parenting styles of parents Recommendation: The study recommended that: • Adolescents should be regularly screened in all secondary schools for their emotional intelligence and emotional maturity to find their emotional problems. • Support, counseling and appropriate referral should be provided to the emotionally immature adolescents to build their selfconcept and self- esteem. • An educational program should be provided for: a- Parents about parenting role and parenting styles b- School staff to develop their emotional intelligence to enhance their educational role and positively add to their students. |