الفهرس 
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Abstract
Sheep pox is a highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants. Sheep pox virus (SPV) belongs to the Capripox virus genus of the poxviridae family and can cause significant economic losses in countries where they are endemic including Egypt. The present study was planned to detect the prevalence of SPV antibodies in unvaccinated and vaccinated sheep sera from three localities in Menofeia Province (Shebein El-Kom, Queesna and Berket El-Sabea) using SNT beside a trial for virus isolation and identification with the genotyping PCR that differentiate between SPV and GPV.
The applied experiments revealed that:
1. Screening by SNT was found that the number of positive sera were 108 (79.4%) from 136 total examined sera from vaccinated sheep. SPV neutralizing antibodies were detected in 82.6 % (38/46), 76.4 % (26/34), and 78.5% (44/56) of sheep sera in Shebein El-Kom, Queesna and Berket El-Sabea respectively. from the total positive samples (108), Berket El-Sabea presents 40.7 % (44/108), followed by Shebein El-Kom 35.2 % (38/108) and Queesna 24.1% (26/108).2. The number of positive sera were 39 (60.9%) from 64 total examined sera from unvaccinated sheep. SPV neutralizing antibodies were detected in 61.9 % (13/21), 57.8 % (11/19), and 62.5% (15/24) of sheep sera in Shebein El-Kom, Queesna and Berket El-Sabea respectively. from the total positive samples (39), Berket El-Sabea presents 38.5 % (15/39), followed by Shebein El-Kom 33.3 % (13/39) and Queesna 28.2% (11/39).3. All screened samples from vaccinated (108) posses a protective titers by SNT where 46.3 % (50/108) had a titer 64; 37% (40/108) had a titer 32 and 16.7% (18/108) had a titer 16.
4. from the total screened positive samples (39) from unvaccinated sheep sera, 53.8% (21/39) were below the protective titer while 38.5 % (15/39) had a titer 16 and 0.7% (3/39) had a titer 32 by SNT.5. Trials for isolation of SPV from skin scabs samples of clinically suspected sheep, by three blind passages through CAM showed that only 12 from 20 skin scabs induced characteristic signs on CAMs after three successive passages. The CAMs were grayish, thickened and hemorrhagic. The pock lesions were detected in nine CAMs without lethality to the embryos on the 5th day post inoculation.6. It was noticed that IFAT detected SPV antigen in 9 of 12 infected CAM.7. using PCR found that the primer targeted the PRO30 gene was succeeded to amplify the specific SPV products (151bp) from the extracted DNA products in two infected CAM that were positive by IFAT and failed to detect the target gene in the other 2 samples that were negative by IFAT.