الفهرس 
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Abstract
Lake Malaha is one of the most important water bodies along the northern coast of Egypt for its fisheries resources. It is an important rout for migratory birds. Due to evolving the eastern of Port-Said area for the heavily human activities, which lead to an increase in environmental load, so that came the idea of the study to assess the current environmental status of the lake and stand on the negative impact of these activities on it and also to the critical need for future planning of the industrial expansion working on the reorganization of the country and also for sound environmental data to help decision makers to support their plans and decisions.
Lake assessment were carried on the two hyper saline lagoons of the lake, these two lagoons were called part (A) that located in the western corner and part (B) that lcated in the eastern corner.
First, in the area (A) of the lake eighteen water samples were taken for measuring temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), TDS, heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Cd, Zn, Ba and Pb), DO, BOD, COD and ammonia. Results showed increase in TDS values due to the connection with the Mediterranean Sea, the shallow depth and the water stagnation of the lake. Increase in BOD and COD have been observed which might be because of the domestic, agricultural and industrial activities. Eighteen sediment samples were collected for heavy metals analysis including (Cr, Fe, Cd, Zn, Ba and Pb), results of them showed that the concentrations were within the permissible standards. Then, six water samples were taken in the area (B) for measuring temperature, pH, Electrical Conductivity(EC), TDS, heavy metals (Zn, Ba, Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Al, Co and As), nutrients (ammonia, total nitrogen, orthophosphates and total phosphates). The results showed that TDS values was higher than area (A) due to the difference in depth and the water flow between the two areas. An increase in nutrients concentration that leads to eutrophication in water also there was increase in manganese concentration, as well as six sediment samples were collected in area (B) for heavy metals analysis including (Zn, Ba, Cr, Cd, Fe, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni, Al, Co and As). The results of them showed the concentrations of heavy metals were within the permissible standards. Flora that reported in area (A) and (B) were Phragmites australis, Tamrix nilotica, Halocnemum strobilaceum and Zygophyllum aegyptium. There were algae in some locations in area (B). While fauna was noticed in area (A) that various types of
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Mediterranean fish such as; Caridea, Brachyura, Sardina, Mullussurmuletus, Soleavulgais, Euthynnusaffinis, Argyrosomusregius, Sauridaeundosqamis, Caranxcryosos, Trichiuruslepturusand Dicentrachuslabrax. Also, there were a large amount of water birds.
Second, by using remote sensing and GIS techniques, we could separate water from land and concluded that the intense decreasing trend in the surface area of water bodies during 2016 – 2017 especially within 2017. The analysis of LULC of the study area during 2005, 2010, 2015, 2016 and 2017 showed that the surface area of the lake decreased about 11.7 km2 only within 12 years.
Finally, a management plan was suggested to conserve the lake through different recommendations such as treatment of inflowing water rich in nutrients, all projects around the lake have treatment plants, it can be reused the treated water for agriculture purposes , dealing with the lake as if it were a fish farm, factories must put refineries and filters on their chimneys to filter the air, these factories must abide by the laws of environment for air pollution and the country must punish those who violate these laws, there must be enacting laws of water pollution due to contamination of ships and new fish farms must be managed in a good environmentally manner. There should be done management tools to help achieve the recommendations like patrolling, law enforcement, monitoring, reporting, awareness programmes, stakeholder participation and interaction, EIA and ERA.