الفهرس 
Chemical characteristicsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Two pot experiments were carried out during the two successive
autumn seasons of 2013 and 2014 in a private farm in Abou Ghalib
region, Giza governorate to investigate the effects of using two different
nano materials namely nano calcium and nano silicon to alleviate the
effect of different salinity levels on the growth and yield of green bean
plants (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.) cv. Pulista under sand soil conditions. The
important obtained results could be summaries as following:
1- Effect of saline water irrigation:
Saline water irrigation at 500 ppm gave the tallest plant height, but
the shortest value of plant height recorded with that plants which
irrigated with that water contained the highest salinity level 1500
ppm.
The heaviest fresh and dry weight of whole plants recorded with
plants irrigated with 500 ppm, while the lowest fresh and dry weight
was found with those plants which irrigated with the highest salinity
levels (1500 ppm).
The widest leaf area was associated with that plants irrigated with
the lowest salinity level, i.e. 500 ppm, but the plants which irrigated
by water contains 1500 ppm gave the lowest leaf area.
The greatest leaves numbers per plant were obtained by irrigation
with salinity level of 500 ppm; while the lowest leaves number/
plant was found when plants irrigated with the highest salinity level
(1500 ppm).
The highest chlorophyll content was estimated with that plants
which irrigated with water contained the lowest salinity level i.e.
500 ppm, while the lowest chlorophyll content was found when
plants irrigated with the highest salinity level (1500 ppm).
Increasing salinity level from 500, 1000 up to 1500 ppm reduced
significantly the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and
calcium in green bean leaves Increasing salinity levels from 500, 1000 up to 1500 ppm increased
significantly the percentage of sodium and proline in green bean
leaves.
Saline water irrigation of 500 ppm gave the highest percent of
silicon in green bean leaves, while the least percent of silicon was
obtained at 1500 ppm saline water.
Increasing salinity levels more than 500 ppm the total pods yield,
marketable yield, pod length and pod diameter significantly
decreased to reach its minimum when plants irrigated with water
contained 1500 ppm.
The heaviest unmarketable pod was obtained with using irrigation
water contained 1500 ppm, while the lowest unmarketable yield
resulted with using irrigation water contained the lowest salinity
level (500 ppm).
Increasing salinity level from 500, 1000 up to 1500 ppm reduced
significantly the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
in green bean pods.
Increasing salinity levels from 500, 1000 up to 1500 ppm increased
significantly the percentage of sodium and fiber in green bean pods.
2- Effect of nano elements:
The tallest green bean plants were measured with that plants
supplied the nano Ca at higher concentration, i.e. 1g/L., while the
shortest plants were with that control ones.
The supplement nano Ca at higher rate (1.0 g/L) gained the heaviest
fresh and dry weight of plant, followed in descending order by that
plants which received nano Si at rate of 2.0 cm3/L.
The significant widest leaf area was measured with that plants
supplied nano Ca at higher rate (1.0 g/L). While the narrowest leaf
area was registered with control treatment.
The highest leaves number per green bean plants was resulted from
that plants with retreated with nano Ca at higher rate, i.e. 1g/L, but the lowest leaves number were recorded with that of control
treatment.
The highest total chlorophyll content were measured with that
plants supplied the nano Ca at higher concentration, i.e. 1g/L.
compared with all treatments.
Using the high rate of nano Ca (1g /L) gained the highest nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium and calcium content in green bean leaves,
while that control treatment registered the lowest percentages for
the previous elements.
The least sodium and proline contents of leaf tissues were recorded
with the supplement Ca at higher rate, i.e. 1.0 g/L, compared with
the control which gave the highest contents of sodium and proline.
The maximum increments of silicon percent were obtained with
applying the nano silicon at rate of 2 cm3/l. as compared with the
other treatments, while the least value of silicon percentage in green
beans leaves were obtained by that plants which no nano material
treated.
The highest total pods yield, marketable yield, pod length and pod
diameter were recorded with that plants treated with nano calcium
at 1.0 g/L., followed in decreasing order by nano silicon at 2.0
cm3/L.
The unmarketable yield decrease to its minimum value when nano
Ca at 1.0 g/L. used, but the highest unmarketable pods weight
produced with control treatment (without nano elements).
Using the high rate of nano Ca (1g /L) gained the highest nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium content in pods, while that control
treatment registered the lowest percentages for the previous
elements.
The least sodium and fiber contents of pods were recorded with the
supplement Ca at higher rate, i.e. 1.0 g/L, compared with the control
which gave the highest contents of sodium and fiber. Effect of interactions:
The tallest green bean plants was showed with plants which
irrigated with the lowest salinity level (500 ppm) and treated with
nano Ca at higher rate (1g/L), while the shortest plants were noticed
with that plants irrigated with the highest salinity level (1500 ppm)
and no nano elements reserved (control).
The heaviest fresh and dry weight of green bean plant was with
plants which irrigated water contained 500 ppm and supplemented
with nano Ca at 1.0 g/L, while the lowest fresh and dry weight was
gave with that plants irrigated with the highest salinity levels (1500
ppm) and without receiving the nano elements.
The biggest leaf area was noticed with plants which irrigated with
the lowest salinity level (500 ppm) and supplied nano Ca at 1.0 g/L,
while the smallest leaf area was detected with that plants irrigated
with saline water contained 1500 ppm without supplying nano
elements.
The highest leaves number / plant was given with plants which
supplied nano Ca at rate of 1g/L when irrigated with 500 ppm saline
water, but the lowest leaves number / plant were correlated with that
plants irrigated with the highest salinity level, i.e. 1500 ppm and no
supplied nano elements treatment (control).
The highest value of total chlorophyll content recorded with that
plants which irrigated by the lowest salinity level, i.e. 500 ppm and
treated with nano Ca at higher rate (1.0 g/L). While the lowest total
chlorophyll content recorded with that plants irrigated with the
highest salinity levels, i.e. 1500 ppm and no treated with nano
compounds.
The highest nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium
percentages in green bean leaves recorded with that plants irrigated
with the lowest salinity level (500 ppm) and treated with nano Ca at
rate of 1.0 g/L, while the least percentages were obtained with that plants irrigated with the highest salinity level (1500ppm) without
nano material application.
The highest sodium and proline contents in green bean leaves were
noticed with that plants which irrigated with the highest salinity
levels, i.e. 1500 ppm and without supplied nano materials, while
the lowest sodium and proline values were recorded with that plants
irrigated with the lowest salinity levels, i.e. 500 ppm and treated
with nano Ca at higher rate (1.0 g/L).
The highest silicon percentage in leaf tissue were resulted from that
plants irrigated with the lowest saline water concentration (500
ppm) and treated with silicon at higher rate (2.0 cm3/L), while the
lowest silicon percentage was recorded with that plants irrigated
with the highest salinity level (1500 ppm) but no nano materials
received.
The heaviest total pods yield, marketable yield, pod length and pod
diameter gained from that plants which irrigated with the lowest
salinity value (500 ppm) and treated with nano Ca at rate of 1.0 g/L.
While the lowest pods yield and marketable yield were noticed with
that plants received its irrigation water contained the highest salinity
level (1500 ppm) without nano elements treatment (control).
The highest unmarketable pods yield produced from that plants
irrigated with the highest salinity level (1500 ppm) and without
nano material used, while the lowest unmarketable yield was
registered with that plants received its irrigation water contained
500 ppm with the application of nano Ca at rate of 1.0 g/L.
The highest nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium percentages in
pods recorded with that plants irrigated with the lowest salinity
level (500 ppm) and treated with nano Ca at rate of 1.0 g/L, while
the least percentages were obtained with that plants irrigated with
the highest salinity level (1500ppm) without nano material
application. The highest sodium and fiber contents in pods were noticed with
that plants which irrigated with the highest salinity levels, i.e. 1500
ppm and without supplied nano materials, while the lowest sodium
and fiber values were recorded with that plants irrigated with the
lowest salinity levels, i.e. 500 ppm and treated with nano Ca at
higher rate (1.0 g/L).