الفهرس 
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Abstract
Summary
Soil injection with anhydrous ammonia started in California in 1939. The fertilizer fund foundation of Egypt origination a collaborated project for this purpose was performed in 1969. The received financial support improved the work and more than 10.000 fed/year were fertilized by anhydrous ammonia at kafer Elsheikh, Beni-Suef, EL-Fayoum, El Dakahlie , El- Sharkua , El Behara , etc. Soil samples were collected from a long – term treatment locations. Three locations at EL-Fayom governorate were selected for this study namely Agricultural Research Station, Tamia ammonia fertilizers center for a period of 5 years , area Rahil seniors ammonia fertilizer center for 10 years and the media Hossam Nassar, EL-Fayoum ammonia fertilizers center for a period of 15 years. Representative samples of soil were collected from different localities at depths 0- 15 cm and 15-30 cm. Soil samples were analyzed to determine the physicochemical properties such as soil texture, pH, EC,organic matter and soluble cations & anions. The effect of this a long – term application of anhydrous ammonia on different soil micro flora and nematodes was also observed.
The obtained result can be summarized as follows:
1-result obtained cleary showed that two soil types were recorded according to the soil samples collected from different locations being sandy clay soil for Hossam Nassar farms and sandy clay loam soil for both of Rahil and Tamia farms.
2- Soil particles of the treated soil with ammonia did not show a clear effect on soil texture as compared with soil fertilized with urea (control).
3- Soil samples collected from Rahil and Tamia localities gave the highest values of EC at 15 – 30 cm depth being 6.52 and 5.90 dSm-1 respectively.
4- All tested soils samples collected from different localities (Hossam, Rahil and Tamia) at EL-Fayom governorate were slightly alkaline where the pH values ranged from 7.6 to 8.15.
5- The highest percentage of organic matter was recorded at depth 15-30 cm of all sites treated with anhydrous ammonia. No distinct clear difference between the different depths at different treatments.
6- All samples collected from different sites contained higher percentage of sodium and these values were more pronounced in the case of Tamia site ranging from 16.62 to 19.90 meq /Kg soil. Calcuim cation was found in higher amount in Hossam Nassar site as compared with other sites. No constant trend for different cations was observed as affected by soil depth of different treatments.
7- The highest amount of HCO3- was recorded in soil samples collected from Hossam Nassar site as compared with other locations ranging from 12-24 to 12-50 meq /kg soil.
8- Result depicted that most soil samples collected from Hossam Nassar farm injected with anhydrous ammonia contained the highest quantity of nitrogen, potassium and micronutrients at depth of 15 – 30 cm than that recorded at 0-15 cm. P and Fe did not exhibited the same trend showing the highest amount at 0-15 cm depth.
9- The counts of total microbial flora were higher at the second depth (15-30 cm) being 185.6 *104 cfu/g soils than that the first depths. On the contrary, total microbial count was higher at the first depth than the second one in soil samples collected from localities treated with urea.
10 – Total fungal counts recorded the highest density in soil of Rahil and Tamia farms treated with anhydrous ammonia as compared with soil treated with urea.
11- A symbiotic aerobic diazotrophs were found in high count in soil treated with urea collected from Hossam Nassar farm. Tamia soil samples gave the highest population at the first depth for anhydrous ammonia and urea treatments being 2.20, 3.13 * 104 MPN/ g soil respectively.
12 – Clear retardation of harmful nematodes was recorded in soil treated with ammonia at different sites and at different depths. This deleterious effect was more pronounced in soil samples collected from Rahil site treated with ammonia being 20 juveniles /250 g soil for both depths as compared with urea treatments.