الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION
Effect of varietiesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted in the Agricultural Research Station at Arab El-Awamer, Assiut Governorate, during the two growing seasons of 2014 and 2015 to investigate the effect of bio- and nitrogen fertilizers on yield and its components of two grain sorghum genotypes. The randomized complete block design using split-split-plot with four replications was employed, where the genotypes (Hybrid 305 and Dorado i.e. G1 and G2) were allocated in the main plots, while nitrogen fertilizer rates (60, 90 and 120 kg N/fed i.e. N1, N2 and N3) were assigned in the sub-plots and bio-fertilizer (0, Microbin and Nitrobin i.e. B0, B1 and B2) were fixed in the sub-sub-plots. The grains of sorghum genotypes were sown on 13th and 17th June in the first and second seasons, respectively. The plot area was 12 m2 including 4 ridges of 60 cm apart with 4 m length.
The results could be summarized as the following:
I- Growth traits: 1- Number of days to 50% flowering: The number of days to 50% flowering exerted significantly influenced by genotypes, nitrogen fertilizer rates in the both seasons, as well as with bio-fertilizers in the 2nd season only. The best values for number of days to 50% flowering were observed by Hybrid 305 genotype, 120 kg N/fed. rate and Microbin bio-fertilizer in the both seasons.The first order interaction GxN and NxB exerted a significantly and a highly significantly influenced on the number of days to 50% flowering in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. The rest of the first and second order interactions did not show any significant either in the 1st or the 2nd season for this trait. The first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the both seasons, as well as either (90 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the 1st season or (120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) in the 2nd season gave the best values for the number of days to 50% flowering. 2- Plant height (cm): The plant height had a significantly affected by genotypes, nitrogen fertilizer rates and bio-fertilizers in the both seasons. The tallest plants were recorded by Hybrid 305 genotype, 120 kg N/fed. rate and Microbin bio-fertilizer in the both seasons. Also, the tall of plants increased with increasing the nitrogen fertilizer quantities. The plant height had a significantly affected by GxN and a highly significantly affected by NxB and GxNxB in the 1st season only. The tallest plants were detected by the first and second order interaction treatments (Hybrid 305 genotype x 90 and 120 kg N/fed. rate), (Hybrid 305 genotypes x Microbin bio-fertilizer), (120 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the both seasons. 3- Stem diameter (cm): The stem diameter exerted a highly significantly influenced by genotypes, nitrogen fertilizer rates and bio-fertilizers in the both seasons. The thickest stems were obtained by Dorado variety, 120 kg N/fed. rate and Microbin bio-fertilizer in the both seasons. The first order interaction NxB exerted a significantly influenced on the stem diameter in the 2nd season only. The first and second order interaction treatments (Dorado variety x 120 kg N/fed. rate), (Dorado variety x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the both seasons, as well as either (120 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (Dorado variety x 120 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the 1st season, or (90 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (Dorado variety x 60 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the 2nd season gave the highest mean values for stem diameter. >4- Leaf area index (LAI): The genotypes in the 1st season and nitrogen fertilizer rates in the 2nd season had a significantly effect on LAI. The highest mean values for LAI were stated by Dorado variety, 90 or 120 kg N/fed. rates and Microbin bio-fertilizer in the both seasons. The first order interaction NxB had a highly significantly effect on LAI in the 1st season only, and the highest mean value for LAI was achieved by the first order interaction treatment (90 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) in the 1st season II- Yield attributes and yield traits: 1- Panicle length (cm): The panicle length had a highly significantly affected by genotypes, nitrogen fertilizer rates and bio-fertilizers in the both seasons. The longest panicles were recorded by Hybrid 305 genotype, 120 kg N/fed. and Microbin bio-fertilizer in the both seasons. The first order interaction NxB exerted a highly significantly influence on panicle length in the both seasons. The longest panicles were mentioned by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (Hybrid 305 genotype x 90 kg N/fed. rate), (Hybrid 305 genotype x Microbin bio-fertilizer), (120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) in the 1st season. Also (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate), (Hybrid 305 genotype x Microbin bio-fertilizer), (120 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the 2nd season had the longest ones. 2- Panicle width (cm): The bio-fertilizer had a highly significantly and significantly effect on the panicle length in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. The widest panicles were recorded by Microbin bio-fertilizer in the both seasons. The first order interaction NxB declared a significantly and a highly significantly effected on the panicle width in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively. The highest mean values for the panicle width were stated by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (Dorado variety x 60 kg N/fed. rate), (Dorado variety x Microbin bio-fertilizer), (60 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (Dorado variety x 60 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the both seasons. 3- Panicle weight (g): - The panicle weight had a highly significantly affected by genotypes and nitrogen fertilizer rates in the both seasons and its affected by bio-fertilizer in the second season only. The maximum values for panicle weight were stated by Hybrid 305 genotype, 120 kg N/fed. rate and Microbin bio-fertilizer in the both seasons.
- The first order interaction i.e. GxN and GxB in the 1st season and NxB interaction in both seasons had a significantly effect on the panicle weight. The heaviest panicles were detected by the first order interaction treatments i.e. (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed.), (Hybrid 305 genotype x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) in the 1st season, as well as (120 kg N/fed. rate x Nitrobin bio-fertilizer) in the 2nd season. 4- Grains weight/panicle (g) The genotypes and nitrogen fertilizers rates in the both seasons and bio-fertilizer in the 2nd season had a highly significantly effect on the grains weight/panicle. The Hybrid 305 genotypes, 120 kg N/fed. rate and Microbin bio-fertilizer gave the maximum mean values for grains weight/panicle in the both seasons. -The first order interactions i.e. GxN and BxN interactions in the both seasons and the second order interaction (GxNxB) interaction in the 1st season exerted a highly significantly influenced on the grains weight/panicle.The maximum grains weight/panicle values were obtained by the first order interaction treatments i.e. (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate) in the both seasons and (120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) in the 1st season and then (120 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the 2nd season, as well as Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer in the 1st season.
5- 1000-grain weight (g):
- The genotypes and bio-fertilizer in the both seasons and nitrogen fertilizer rates in the 1st season had a significantly effect on the 1000 grain weight.
- The heaviest 1000 grain were detected by Dorado variety, 120 kg N/fed. rate in the both seasons, as well as Nitrobin and Microbin bio-fertilizers in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.The all first and second order interactions did not show any significant on the 1000 grain weight in the both seasons.
- The highest mean values for 1000 grain weight were obtained by the first order interaction treatments: (Dorado variety x 120 kg N/fed. rate) and (120 kg N/fed. rate x Nitrobin bio-fertilizer) in the both seasons, as well as the second order interaction treatments (Dorado variety x 120 kg N/fed. rate x Nitrobin bio-fertilizer) and (Dorado variety x 120 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
6- Number of grains/panicle:
- The number of grains/panicle exerted a significantly influenced by genotypes and bio-fertilizers in the both seasons and its influenced by nitrogen fertilizer rates in the 2nd season.
- The greatest values for the number of grains/panicle were obtained by Hybrid 305 genotype in the both seasons, also either by 90 kg N/fed. rate and without bio-fertilizer in the 1st season or by 120 kg N/fed. rate and Microbin bio-fertilizer in the 2nd season.The first order interaction NxB in the both seasons and the second order interaction GxNxB in the 1st season had a highly significantly effect on the number of grains/panicle.The greatest mean values for the number of grains/panicle were recorded by the first order interaction treatments: (Hybrid 305 genotype x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) in the both seasons, as well as by (Hybrid 305 genotype x 90 kg/fed.) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate), then (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 90 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.
7- Grain yield/fed. (ard.):
- The genotypes, nitrogen fertilizer rates and bio-fertilizers had a highly significantly effected on the grain yield/fed. in the both seasons.The maximum grain yield/fed. (ard.) were recorded by Hybrid 305 genotype, 120 kg N/fed. rate and Microbin bio-fertilizer in the both seasons.The NxB interaction in the both seasons as well as the other first and second order interactions i.e. GxN, GxB and GxNxB in the 1st season exerted a highly significantly influenced on the grain yield/fed.
- The maximum grain yield/fed. (ard.) were recorded by the first and second order interaction treatments: (Hybrid 305 genotype x 90 kg N/fed. rate), (Hybrid 305 genotype x Microbin bio-fertilizer), (90 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) in the 1st season, as well as by (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate), (Hybrid 305 genotype x Microbin bio-fertilizer), (120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 120 kg N/fed. rate x without bio-fertilizer) in the 2nd season.III- Quality traits:1- Crude protein percentage (%):The crude protein in grains exerted a highly significantly influenced by genotypes, nitrogen fertilizer rates and bio-fertilizers in the both seasons.The highest mean values for crude protein % were recorded by (Hybrid 305 genotype and Dorado variety), (90 kg N/fed. and 120 kg N/fed. rates) and Microbin bio-fertilizer in the 1st and 2nd seasons, respectively.The all first and second order interactions i.e. GxN, GxB, NxB and GxNxB exerted a highly significantly influenced on the crude protein in grains in the both seasons.The highest mean values for the crude protein % were detected by the first and second order interaction treatments i.e. (Hybrid 305 genotype x 60 kg N/fed. rate), (Hybrid 305 genotype x Nitrobin bio-fertilizer), (90 kg N/fed. rate x Nitrobin bio-fertilizer) and (Hybrid 305 genotype x 60 kg N/fed. rate x Nitrobin bio-fertilizer) in the 1st season, as well as by (Dorado variety x 60 kg N/fed. rate), (Dorado variety x Microbin bio-fertilizer), (60 kg N/fed. rate x Microbin bio-fertilizer) and (Dorado variety x 60 kg N/fed. rate x Nitrogen bio-fertilizer) in the 2nd season.