الفهرس 
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Abstract
Biodiesel presents a suitable renewable substitute for petroleum based diesel. The current production process for biodiesel is through a batch wise reaction, which disadvantages it because of high capital costs, labor intensity and difficult process and product quality control. An obvious method to avoid or minimize these difficulties is to use a continuous production process; to achieve this it is necessary to have a good knowledge of the chemical transformation reactions and their kinetics [1]. Underlying this is the requirement to be able to analyze the conversion on a dynamic basis. This therefore permits the reaction conditions to be optimized. The primary objectives of this thesis are therefore to quantify the kinetics of the reaction with a batch reactor and develop a suitable technique for this purpose. Oils with high content of free fatty acid (FFA) can be treated by acid esterification where an alcohol reacts with the given waste cooking oil in the presence of acid catalyst. The investigated parameters include time, methanol to waste cooking oil volume percent, temperature and amount of catalyst. The optimum conditions for acid esterification which could reduce acid value in the feedstock to less 2 mg KOH/g waste cooking oil were 60 °C, 20% methanol to waste cooking oil Vol. %, 0.2 vol. % H2SO4 after 4 h and the agitating speed was kept constant at 500 Rev. /min. Alkali-catalyzed trans-esterification of Waste cooking oil, with methanol was carried out in a three neck flask. The effects of time, methanol / waste cooking oil molar ratio, potassium hydroxide concentration, temperature and motor speed on the biodiesel conversion were investigated. Biodiesel yield of 96.5% was obtained after 120 minute at the methanol/oil molar ratio of 5:1, temperatures of 45 oC , motor speed of 400 R.P.M and 0.75 Wt. % KOH. The biodiesel‘s physicochemical properties, and its effect on engine performance and emission, are reviewed in this study. Analysis of the performance results revealed that the biodiesel generally gives lower brake thermal efficiency, higher brake specific fuel consumption and higher exhaust gas temperature, these results improves significantly with biodiesel blends with petrol diesel (B10 and B20). Emission results showed that, Both NOx and CO2 emissions are increased with biodiesel blend (B10).