الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) are considered one of the most important economic vegetable crops for export as well as its importance in food processing. These are grown in Egypt at different season throughout the year in opened field and greenhouse especially in newly reclaimed desert land.
They are subjected to be attacked, and suffered from several fungal, bacterial, viral and nematode diseases. Plant parasitic nematodes are one of the most important pests worldwide especially root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) on tomato which considered one of the most economically important its cause great harmful effect on plants and losses in quality and quantity of yield.
Results obtained from this present investigation can be summarized as follows:
1- 30 C˚ showed its ability to increase the attachment rate between Pasteuria penetrans spores and nematode larvae of Meloidogyne spp. under laboratory conditions.
2- The best result of attachment process of P. penetrans spores on cuticle of Meloidogyne spp. recorded after 12 hours at temperature of 30 C˚ under laboratory conditions.
3- Four different types of soil were used to study the attachment rate between Pasteuria penetrans sopres and root-knot nematode larvae under laboratory conditions. Sandy-loamy mixture soil (1:1) showed highest ability to increase the attachment rate at 30 C˚ after 12 hours, followed by coarse sand.
4- Adding compost and sewage sludge in five different types to the soil cultivated with tomato plants which infected with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp. at the rate of 5,10,15,20,30,50 grams per pot reduced number of nematode galls , eggmasses, egg and larval stages, sewage sludge + faba bean (1:1) ratio concentration of 15 g per pot were the most effective in reducing the nematode parameters compared to the nematode alone.
5- Using of soil amendment applied to the soil planted with tomato plants in 5,10,15,20,30 and 50 gram /pot concentrations were effective in increasing fresh shoot weight , fresh root weight and plant dry weight compared to plants treated with nematode alone.
6- Two Pasteuria penetrans isolates were used against Meloidogyne spp. there reduced the number of galls, eggmasses, eggs and developmental stages in tomato roots. Japanese isolate as a root infected powder was the best one in reduce the nematode parameters followed by Egyptian isolate as a root infected powder.
7- P.penetrans Infested soil, infected females and attached larvae were effective in reducing nematode parameters compared to plants treated with nematode alone.
8- Enzymes activity (Peroxides, Phenol oxides and catalase) were increased in tomato plant leaves treated with two P. penetrans isolates compared to control. Japanese isolate as a root infected powder was the best one in increase the activity of oxidase enzymes followed by Egyptian isolate as a root infected powder.
9- Membrane permeability, carbohydrates, phenols and amino acids were increased in tomato plants as a result of using two P. penetrans isolates.
10- Marigold plants showed effectiveness when it intercropped on tomato plants treated with root-knot nematode under greenhouse conditions.
11- Applying of marigold planted plants were more effective in increasing fresh shoot and root weight in tomato plants compared to nematode alone.
12- Marigold plants root exudates has an influence extended in the soil planted with nematode infected tomato it was reduce the gall number, egg masses, eggs and developmental stages compared to nematode alone.
13- Marigold intercropped plants increased plant content of carbohydrates, phenols and amino acids it also increase enzymes activity compared to nematode alone.
14- Used of marigold plants as a soil amendment to the tomato soil were effective in reduce gall number, egg masses, eggs and developmental stages. Marigold flower in all type application was the best one in all treatments.
15- Fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight and dry weight to tomato plant were increased as a result of adding marigold plants as a soil amendment in the soil of pots.
16- Study of aqueous extract of marigold plants in controlling root-knot nematode on tomato plants were effective in proved highly efficiency in reducing the number of root galling, egg masses, eggs and developmental stages.
17- Using marigold plants as soil amendment and each plant parts extract were effective in increasing plant cotent of carbohydrates, phenols, amino acids and proline, in addition to enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity.
18- Irrigation of water which marigold plants drenched in it for 1 and 2 hours had an effect on managing root-knot nematodes.
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Summary
19- The integration of Pasteuria penetrans spore suspension and water extract of organic amendment were increase fresh weight of shoot, root and dry weight as well as for tomato plants cultivated in the soil infected with Meloidogyne spp.
20- Number of galls, egg-masses, eggs/egg-masse, females and Juveniles /250g soil were affected when applied the dry flower extract mixed with spore suspension of Pasteuria penetrans Egyptian isolate.
21- Dry flower extract + Pp spore suspension were considered the most effective treatment in enhancing fresh shoot and root weights as well as dry weight to tomato plants infected with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne spp.