الفهرس 
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Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is the most frequent genetic
cause of mental retardation. It results from the gene expression of an extra
chromosome 21, which occurs due to the failure of normal chromosomal
segregation during meiosis.
Increasing life expectancy along with an elevated risk of obesity
and diabetes mellitus in individuals with DS, raise concerns about longterm
health, in particular, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Obesity and insulin resistance, which are common among
individuals with DS, are associated with unfavorable (more atherogenic)
lipid profiles, characterized by high triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol,
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL).
The aim of the work was to compare lipid profiles of non-obese,
non diabetic children with DS with their non DS siblings.
The study was held on two groups of children:
Patient group: fifty children with Down syndrome.
Control group: fifty healthy children.
Both groups were subjected to the following:
1. Full history taking.
2. Thorough clinical examination including:
Measurement of weight, height and body mass index (B.M.I).
Presence or absence of clinical features of Down syndrome.
Systemic examination 3. Laboratory investigations:
Complete blood count.
Estimation of lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL and HDL).
4. Radiological investigations (when needed):
Chest x-ray.
Echocardiography.
Results showed that:
As regard the demographic data, no significant difference between
Down syndrome group and control as regard age and sex. While mother
age was significantly different in Down syndrome group than control
group.
As regard the anthropometric measures, there was significant lower
weight and weight percentile in Down syndrome group compared to
control group, also it showed significant lower height, height percentile and
BMI in Down syndrome group compared to control group.
As regard the lipid profile, there was significant higher total
cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in Down syndrome group compared to
control group. Also it showed significant lower HDL in Down syndrome
group compared to control group.
Finally we could conclude that patients with Down syndrome more
liable to astheromatous and ischemic heart disease so, they are in need for
long-term follow up to determine whether these differences in lipid profile
translate into increased morbidity and mortality from cardio vascular
diseas.