الفهرس 
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Abstract
Ellipsoidal Copper (II) Oxide (CuO) Nanoparticles (E-CuO-NPs) were prepared by simple precipitation method using copper (II) acetate as a precursor and sodium hydroxide as a reducing agent. The morphological, structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of the fabricated CuO nanostructures were studied. Polycrystalline E-CuO-NPs were grown preferentially along (002) and (111) orientation. The average crystallite size was found to be 34.5 nm. According to the measured absorption spectra, E-CuO-NPs exhibit a strong absorption band in the visible light range with direct band gap energy of 1.52 eV. The photocatalytic removal of Congo Red (CR) dye using E-CuO-NPs has been reported. The effect of CuO dosage, pH, and CR dye concentration on the rate of photocatalytic degradation were studied. The catalytic reaction obeyed pseudo first order kinetics. 100 % photocatalytic degradation for 50 ml of 25 ppm -CR dye was observed after a contact time of 8 h using 0.6 g of E-CuO-NPs at pH 7 using 200 W tungsten lamp (Philips) as a light source. In addition, Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles also were prepared by co-precipitation method but at different concentration. Prepared samples were annealed at two different temperatures 300OC and 500 OC. The structural and photocatalytic properties of the prepared samples were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the CuO compound belongs to monoclinic crystal system, and the particles grow preferentially along (002) orientation. The FT-IR analysis ensures that the produced sample is pure CuO and there is no indication of the presence of Cu2O. Photocatalytic activity of CuO annealed at 500 OC and 300 OC will be evaluated by using methylene blue as a model dye. from results we observed that sample annealed at 500 OC shows higher degradation efficiency than sample annealed at 300 OC. Degradation efficiency is equal to 86.3 % and 72.3% for sample annealed at 500 OC and 300 OC respectively. In addition, copper oxide thin films were prepared using sol gel spin coating technique. Prepared samples were annealed at different temperatures 300OC, 400OC, 500OC and 600 OC. The structural properties of the prepared samples at different annealing temperature were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the CuO compound belongs to monoclinic crystal system. CuO particles were grown preferentially along ( 11) and (111) orientation. The preferential orientation of prepared samples differs according to annealing temperature. At temerature 600 OC particles were grown preferentially along ( 11) orientation. But, at 300OC particles were grown preferentially along (111) orientation. The morphological properties of the fabricated CuO thin films were studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, the effect of annealing temperature on the contact angle was studied. We observed that contact angle decreases by increasing annealing temperature to reach 26 o at 500OC. The photocatalytic properties of the thin film with minimum contact angle were studied by using methylene blue as a model dye. Photocatalytic degradation efficiency is equal to 97.6 % after 5hr of sunlight exposure.