الفهرس 
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common cause of
major congenital anomalies, representing a major global health problem.
Twenty-eight percent of all major congenital anomalies consist of heart
defect. Prevalence of CHD varies widely among studies worldwide. The
estimate of 8 per 1,000 live births is generally accepted as the best
approximation.
Leptin has been shown to be an integral component of energy
homeostasis and regulation of body weight. Leptin regulates adipose
tissue mass and correlates with the fat mass, however the circulating
levels are altered by energy intake.
Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at increased risk
for poor growth. Several factors may play a role in poor growth,
including feeding difficulties, increased caloric requirements, and the
effects of cardiac lesions on growth regulation.
The aim of this work is to measure serum leptin level in children
with cyanotic and acyanotic congenital heart disease and to examine the
possible role of leptin on growth and nutrition in those children.
• Study was applied on 20 patients with acyanotic congenital heart
disease, 15 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease in
pediatric cardiology department in Menoufia University hospital
and 35 apparently healthy children of the same age, sex and
socioeconomic status between July 2014 and July 2015.
All patients & control were subjected to the following:
• Complete history taking including age, sex, nutritional history,
family history, admission to hospital & why?
• Thorough clinical examination with special concentration on
• Vital signs
• Anthropometric measurements including height in cm, weight
in kg, mid – arm circumference in cm & body mass index in
kg/m2 using Z-score.
• Cardiac examination:
Inspection, Palpation, Percussion & auscultation.
• Investigations:
• Arterial oxygen saturation by ABG & pulse oximeter
• Chest x-ray
• Electrocardiograpy (ECG) and Echocardiography to confirm
diagnosis.
• serum leptin level (ng/ml)
Results
• Children with cyanotic congenital heart disease have
statistically significant lower weight, length, MAC and BMI.
• There is no statistically significant difference in serum leptin
level between acyanotic patients, cyanotic patients and healthy
controls.
• Serum leptin level is positively correlated with BMI and MAC
in all groups.