الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem affecting more and more people worldwide. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight. Of these over 600 million were obese. Thirty-nine percent of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight, and 13% were obese. Most of the world’s population live in countries where overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight.
Obesity is a major cause for development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a state characterized by overweight, insulin resistance, hypertension and impaired lipid metabolism and body fat distribution. Individuals with MetS have marked risks for the development of type 2 diabetes and they possess high cardiovascular mortality.
The increasing prevalence of hypertension occurred in conjunction with a dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Data from the NHANES show a strong linear relationship between BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The Framingham Heart Study showed that a 5% weight gain increases hypertension risk by 30% in a 4-year period.
In addition to their classical roles in electrolytes, minerals and bone homeostasis, aldosterone and PTH play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus/insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia.
Recent studies demonstrated an important interplay between aldosterone and PTH especially in modulating cardiovascular functions.
The aim of this study was to determine the relation between serum aldosterone and parathormone levels in obesity-related hypertension as well as the effects of aldosterone and parathormone on obesity associated left ventricular hypertrophy.