الفهرس 
CEREBRAL PALSYOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a chronic movement disorder resulting from an abnormal development or injury in the immature brain. Children with CP demonstrate various movement disorders, including muscle weakness, abnormal postural responses, coordination failure, and slow muscle contraction, which cause functional problems, including abnormal gait (Shkedy Rabani et al., 2014), hand dysfunction (Klingels et al., 2012), and dysphagia (Arvedson, 2013).
Swallowing problems which is a common problem in CP were included in the spectrum of disorders of movement and posture development and were accepted as one of the core features of CP (Kim, 2013).
A number of international studies, some of which are dated, have reported the prevalence of dysphagia in children with CP, with ranges between 13 to 99% (Calis et al., 2008; Parkes, 2010; Kim et al., 2013; Benfer et al., 2013).
Children with CP have a difficulty recognizing oral sensation for localization of the input, because the sensory threshold is different from normal so it is difficult to determine where the stimulation occurs within the oral area, including the lips, cheeks, tongue, and oral plates (arvedson,2013).The touch and pressure receptors of the tongue and oral-cavity surfaces transmit sensory information to the brainstem and cerebral cortex to guide tongue shape and pharyngeal pressure according to bolus volume and viscosity (Song, 2015).
The ASHA NOMS is a multidimensional clinical tool developed to assess supervision, diet level and severity of dysphagia, and represents functional status, which is rated on a scale from 1 to 7(Song et al., 2015).
Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Swallowing