الفهرس 
1- Introduction.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Liver is the largest organ within human body, it performs a top
important variety of functions, so liver damage is among the most serious
diseases.
A great proportion of the natural products used as drugs are derived
from plants in Traditional medicine. Momordica charantia (MC) is one
such plant that has been frequently used as medicine. Bitter gourd
available in basket of nature confers excellent medicinal virtues, though
eliciting a somewhat a bitter taste to our palate, M. charantia is sweet for
our health. One of the prime health benefits of bitter gourd is that, it helps
to cleanse the liver and regenerate the liver cells. It’s antidotal, antipyretic
tonic, appetizing, stomachic, antibilious and laxative.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Momordica charantia
powder and aqueous extract on (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity.
M. charantia fruits containing the seeds were dried in the normal
heat of the sun in the shade, then it were grinded in to soft powder by
using Electric grinder and kept in dusky Stoppard glass bottles in a cool
and dry location till use. The aqueous extract had been Attended by
dissolving 120 and 200 grams of M. charantia powder in water heated to
boiling and then filtering powder.
Thirty-five adult male albino rats, weighing 150±10g were divided
into seven groups each with five rats. One of them was
group (1): Negative Control group which fed on standard diet and tab
water, and the other group was fed on standard diet + 0.2 mg\kg body
weight by Carbon\tetrachloride for two weeks to induce liver impaired.
This group was further divided into the following subgroups:-
group (2): 5 rats: positive control group (untreated group)
group (3): 5 rats: treated with 0.5 % M. charantia powder.
group (4): 5 rats: treated with 1% M. charantia powder.
group (5): 5 rats: treated with 5% M. charantia powder. .
group (6): 5 rats: treated with 120 gm/l M. charantia aqueous Extract.
group (7): 5 rats: treated with 200 gm/l M. charantia aqueous Extract.
At the end of experiment (4 weeks), the blood samples were
collected after 12 hours fasting and serum was separated for
determination of:
Glotamic oxaloacetic transaminas (G.O.T), glotamic pyruvic
transaminas (G.P.T), and alkaline phsphatase (A.L.P), GOT\GPT ratio
,lipid profile Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol (T.C) , tri- glycerides (T.G),
very low density lipo protein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL),
low density lipo protein (L.D.L), Atherogeric index (A.I.), T. Protien
,Albumin, Globulin, total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin and Indirect
Bilirubin, urea, creatinin, uric acid (U.A), Catalas, GPX and SOD.
At the same time, the organs: heart, kidney, liver, lungs and spleen
were removed, washed in saline solution, dried by filter paper, weighted,
and stored frozen in formalin solution 10% for histopathological
examinations.
Statistical analysis:-
The data were statistically analyzed using a computerized
costat program by one way ANOVA. The results are presented as
mean± SD. Differences between treatments at (P ≥ 0.05) were
considered significant.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
1- Due to hepatointoxication, rats BWG, FI and FER were decreased.
2- Feeding on basal diet contained M. charantia powder and aqueous
extract increased FI.
3- Feeding on basal diet contained M. charantia powder 0.5 and 1% (
groups 3 and 4) increased BWG and FER, but M. charantia
powder 5% and aqueous extract 120, 200 gm/l M. charantia (
groups 5,6 and 7) decreased BWG and FER.
4- Numerically the best BWG, FI and FER was recorded for group 3
(hepatic rats fed on M. charantia powder 0.5%) when compared
to control (+) group.
5- Inflicting with CCl4 caused organomegaly in the internal organ
weight while, the reverse indicated on feeding with M. charantia
powder and aqueous extract in all treated groups.
6- The best organ relative weight were observed for groups 4,5,3,7
and 5 for liver, heart, kidneys, lung and spleen relative weight
respectively, when compared to control (+) group.
7- Inflicting with CCl4 injection raised the activities of serum GOT,
GPT, ALP and GOT/ GPT ratio. When feeding on basal diet
contained M. charantia powder and aqueous extract reduced
these levels. Numerically the best reduction in these levels was
recorded for group 7 (Hepatic rats fed on extract 200 gm/l M.
charantia) when compared to control (+) group.
8- CCl4 injection increased serum TC, TG, VLDL-c, LDL-c and A.I,
but decreased serum HDL-c. Feeding on basal diet contained M.
charantia powder and aqueous extract reduced TC, TG,
VLDL-c, LDL-c and A.I , but increased serum HDL-c.
9- Hepatic rats fed on M. charantia extract 120 gm/l (group 6)
showed the best treatment for lowering TC, TG and VLDL-c
when compared to control (+) group.
10- The maximum improvement of serum LDL-c, A.I and HDL-c was
found for group 7 (Hepatic rats fed on M. charantia extract 200
gm/l ) when compared to control (+) group.
11- There were significant decrease in T.P and ALP, but there were
significant increase in serum glopulin in rats blood poisoned by
CCl4 in comparison with (C-) normal rats, while rats injected
with CCL4 then fed on M. charantia powder and aqueous
extract revealed significant increase in (T.P & ALP) and
decrease in serum glopulin when compared with (C+) group.
12- CCl4 injected rats then fed on M. charantia powder 5% and M.
charantia extract 200 gm/l (groups 5 and 7) recorded the best
treatment for T.P. when compared to control (+)group.
13- Rats fed on M. charantia powder 5% (group5) showed the best
treatment for increasing ALP.
14- Numerically the best serum glopulin was recorded for group 4 and
6 (hepatic rats fed on M. charantia powder 1% and M. charantia
extract 120 gm/l ) when compared to control (+) group.
15- CCl4 injection increased T. bili, D. bili and Ind. bili in rats blood
when compared with (C-) normal group, while rats fed on M.
charantia powder and aqueous extract revealed significant
decrease in these levels when compared with (C+) group.
16- The best serum T. bili and D. bili were observed for group 7
(hepatic rats fed on M. charantia extract 200 gm/l) when
compared to control (+) group.
17- Rats fed on group 5 (hepatic rats fed on M. charantia powder 5%)
recorded the best treatment for loweing serum Ind. bili.
18- Inflicting with CCl4 injection raised the serum urea, creatinine and
uric acid, when feeding with M. charantia powder and aqueous
extract decreased these levels.
19- Numerically the best serum urea was recorded for group 5 (hepatic
rats fed on M. charantia powder 5%) when compared to control
(+) group.
20- Hepatic rats fed on M. charantia powder 0.5% (group3) showed
the best treatment for lowering serum creatinine.
21- The best serum uric acid was observed for group 6 (hepatic rats
fed on M. charantia extract 120 gm/l) when compared to control
(+) group.
22- There were significant decrease in SOD, GPX and CAT in the
blood of rats poisoned by CCl4 in comparison with (C-) normal
rats, while rats injected with CCL4 then fed on M. charantia
powder and aqueous extract revealed significant increase when
compared with (C+) group.
23- Hepatic rats fed on M. charantia extract 120 gm/l (group 6)
showed the best treatment for increasing serum CAT and SOD
while, hepatic rats fed on M. charantia extract 200 gm/l (group
7) showed the best treatment for increasing serum GPX when
compared to control (+) group.
24- from histopathological results, liver, aorta and kidney sections of
rats intoxicated with CCl4 showed a structure changed by hepatitis as
compared to (C -) group.
25- The reverse of CCl4 toxic effect indicated on feeding with M.
charantia powder and aqueous extract.
26- The maximum improvement of liver histopathology was found for
group 7 (Hepatic rats fed on M. charantia extract 200 gm/l )
when compared to control (+) group.
27- The best aorta and kidney histopathology sections observed for
groups 4, 5 (M. charantia powder 1% and 5%), 6 and 7 (hepatic rats
fed on M. charantia extract 120 and 200 gm/l) when compared to
control (+) group.
These results indicated that M. charantia showed hepatoprotective
effects on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage and may be a
potential clinical application for treatment of liver disease. This
improvement may by due to presence of phytochemicals related liver
diseases , so according to the presented findings, this study recommends
more interested in M. charantia and its cultivation for its benefits for
diseases.