الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted at the Experimental Farm of
Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh,
Egypt during 2011 and 2012 seasons to investigate the effect of irrigation
intervals, organic and mineral fertilization on the growth, grain yield,
yield components and some technological characters of grains as well as
some rice water relations of hybrid rice.
A split split–plot design, with three replicates, was used. The main
plots were devoted to four irrigation treatments namely:
1- Continuous flooding (CF).
2- Irrigation every 6 days (6-day).
3- Irrigation every 8 days (8-day).
4- Irrigation every 10 days (10-day).
However, the sub plots were occupied by two rice genotype namely:
1- Egyptian hybrid 1 (EHR1).
2- SK2046hybrid (SK2046H)
While, the sub-sub plots were occupied by seven fertilizer treatments,
as follows:-
T1-Zero fertilizer (control).
T2-160Kg N ( N) +40 Kg P2O5 (P)+ 60 Kg K2O(K) / ha (recommended level).
T3- Compost (5 t/ ha).
T4- 40 Kg N ( N) + 10 Kg P2O5 (P)+15 Kg K2O (K) / ha + compost (5 t/ha).
T5- 80 Kg N ( N) + 20 Kg P2O5 (P) + 30 Kg K2O (K) / ha + compost (5 t/ha).
T6- 120 Kg N (N)+ 30 Kg P2O5 (P)+ 45 Kg K2O (K) / ha + compost (5 t/ha).
T7- 160 Kg N (N) + 40 Kg P2O5 (P) + 60 Kg K2O (K) / ha + compost (5 t/ha).
Samples of rice plants were collected at booting and heading stages to
determine the growth characters.
Characters studied:
1- Vegetative growth:
Leaf area index - dry matter production (g/m2) - crop growth ratedays
to 50% heading- plant height - number of tillers/m2.
2- Grain yields and its attributes:
Number of panicles/m2 – total grains per panicle – unfilled grains % -
panicle weight – panicle length – 1000 grain weight - panicle density -
sink capacity – grain yield t/ha – straw yield (t/ha) – biological yield
(t/ha) – harvest index.
3- Grain quality characters:
The percentage of hulling , milling , head rice and broken rice.
4- Chemicals analysis:
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and protein percentages in milled
rice grains .
5- Water relations:
1- Total water used( m3 / ha)
2- Water saved(%)
3- Water productivity (kg grains/ m3 water )
The results obtained could be summarized as follows:
A- Irrigation intervals-
1- The effect of irrigation treatment on growth attributes were
significant in both seasons. Leaf area index, dry matter, crop
growth rate, days to heading, plant height and number of tillers /
m2 significantly decreased as irrigation intervals increased up to 10
days. Continuous flooding gave the highest values of all previous
characters as well as earlier heading followed by irrigation every 6
days. On the other hand, irrigation every 10 days gave the lowest
values of all traits and delayed heading.
2- Grain yield and its attributes significantly affected by irrigation
treatments. Whereas, in both seasons, continuous flooding
followed by irrigation every 6 days gave the highest values as
number of panicles /m2, total number of grains/panicle, panicle
weight, panicle density, sink capacity, 1000-grain weight, grain
yield and harvest index with no significant between them in both
seasons. Also, continuous flooding gave the highest value of
panicle length, straw yield and biological yield followed by
irrigation every 6, 8 days While irrigation every 10 days gave the
lowest values of all studied characters except unfilled grains
percentage.
3- Grain quality characters significantly affected by irrigation
treatments Whereas, in both seasons, continuous flooding gave the
highest value of hulling %, milling %, head rice %, and protein
content followed by irrigation every 6 and 8 days While,
irrigation every 10 days gave the lowest values of all studied
characters expect broken rice percentage.
4- Percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in grains
significantly affected by irrigation treatments. Whereas, in both
seasons, continuous flooding gave the highest value of nitrogen %,
phosphorus % and potassium % in grains followed by irrigation
every 6 and 8 days. While, irrigation every 10 days gave the
lowest values of this characters in both seasons.
B - Effect of genotypes :-
1- EHR1 produced the highest values of dry matter production in
both seasons also, number of tillers in first season compared with
SK2046H. On the other hand, there were no significant between
other characters under study.
2- EHR1 gave the highest values of grain yield and its attributes
compared with SK2046H hybrid. While, SK2046H hybrid rice
gave the highest values of panicle length and unfilled grains
percentage in both seasons .However, no significant was found
between genotypes for number of panicles/m2, 1000 grain weight
and harvest index in both seasons. Also, sink capacity in second
season and panicle weight in first season.
3- EHR1 gave the highest values of hulling, milling and head rice
percentage compared with SK2046 hybrid. While, SK2046H
hybrid rice gave the highest values of broken rice percentage, in
both seasons. However, there were no significant between
genotypes in protein content in both seasons.
4- EHR1 gave the highest values of phosphorus and potassium
percentage in grains compared with SK2046H hybrid rice. While,
no significant between genotypes was found in nitrogen content in
both seasons.
C- Effect of fertilizer treatments:-
1- Results revealed that characters under study were significantly by
fertilizer treatment in both seasons. The application of
160N+40P+60K+compost (T7), 160 N+40P+60K (T2) and 120N
+30P +45 K + compost (T6) recorded the highest values of most
studied vegetative characters(dry matter g/m2, LAI , crop growth
rate , days to heading 50% , plant height , No. of tillers /m2)
compared with other treatments under study. While, T1 (control)
gave the lowest values of this characters in both seasons of study
2- Plants fertilized with 160N+40P+60K+compost (T7), 160
N+40P+60K (T2) and 120N +30P +45 K + compost (T6) gave the
highest values of most grain yield and its attributes( No. of panicle
/m2, panicle length , No. of total grains / panicle , sink capacity ,
panicle density , 1000 grain weight, panicle weight, grain yield ,
straw yield , biological yield and HI) compared with other
treatments under study. While, T1 (control) gave the lowest values
of grain yield and its attributes except unfilled grains percentage in
both season of study .
3- Plants treated with . 160N+40P+60K+compost (T7), 160
N+40P+60K (T2) and 120N +30P +45 K + compost (T6) recorded
the highest values of most grain quality characters( hulling ,
milling and head rice percentage ) compared with other treatments
under study. While, T1 (control) gave the lowest values of broken
rice percentage.
4- The application of 160N+40P+60K+compost (T7), 160
N+40P+60K (T2) and 120N +30P +45 K + compost (T6) recorded
the highest values of nitrogen , phosphorus ,potassium and protein
percentage in grains compared with other treatments under study.
While, T1 (control) gave the lowest values of this characters in
both seasons.
D - Effect of interactions :-
1-There was significant interaction between the tested irrigation
intervals and varieties for dry matter at booting stage, unfilled
grains%, panicle length and panicle density, plants of EHR1 genotype
produced the highest significant values of dry matter at booting stage
when they were irrigated by continuous flooding .Also, plants of
EHR 1 genotype recorded the highest values of panicle density and
hulling% when they were irrigated by continuous flooding and
irrigation every 6 days . On the other hand, Plants of SK2046 H
genotype produced the highest significant values of panicle length
when they were irrigated by continuous flooding and unfilled grains%
when they were irrigated by10 days .
2- There was significant interaction between the tested irrigation
intervals and fertilizer treatments for dry matter production at
heading, crop growth rate, panicle weight, sink capacity, grain yield,
straw yield ,biological yield, head rice% and broken rice%. In favour
of continuous flooding and irrigation every6 days
with160N+40P+60K+compost (T7), 160 N+40P+60K (T2) and 120N
+30P +45 K + compost (T6) without significant between them . On
the other hand, The highest values of broken rice% were produced by
irrigation every 8 and 10 days with control treatment (T1).
3-The interaction between the tested genotypes and fertilizer
treatments were not significantly for all studied characters in both
seasons .
4- The interaction between the factors under study were not
significantly for all studied characters in both seasons .
E - Water relations:-
1- Total water used( m3 / ha ):-
The amount of water input, before starting irrigation intervals, for
land preparation of both nursery and permanent field, raising nursery
for thirty days and through ten days after transplanting and before
treatments application were 3071.5 and 3000.5 in 2011 and 2012
seasons, total water used in Continuous flooding were 14276 and
14190 m3/ha in both seasons. While, increasing irrigation intervals
from 6,8 up to 10 days decreased total water used in both seasons .
2- Water saved( %) :-
Increasing irrigation intervals from 6,8 up to 10 days decreased
total water used and saved total water by about (9.82 , 10.35 % ) , (
16.74 , 17.39 %) and (25.35 , 25.44 %) compared to continuous
flooding in both season .
3- Water productivity (kg grains/ m3 water ) :-
Irrigation every 6 days recorded the highest water productivity as
compared with other treatments in both seasons .
EHR1 gentype produced the highest values water productivity Kg/m3
in second season .
The application of with160N+40P+60K+compost (T7), 160
N+40P+60K (T2) and 120N +30P +45 K + compost (T6) recorded
the highest values water productivity Kg/m3 without significant in
both seasons .
There was significant interaction between the tested irrigation
intervals and fertilizer treatments on water productivity in both
seasons infavour of irrigation every 6 days with
160N+40P+60K+compost (T7), 160 N+40P+60K (T2) and 120N
+30P +45 K + compost (T6) without significant between them.