الفهرس 
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Abstract
The prevalence of complete erectile dysfunction (ED) is estimated to be approximately 5% among 40-year-olds, 10% among men in their 60s, 15% among men in their 70s and 30–40% among men in their 80s. It is projected that, by 2025, 322 million men worldwide will have ED (Carson C and McMahon CG, 2008).ED is defined as” the persistent inability to attain or maintain penile erection sufficient for sexual intercourse” (Miller TA, 2000).
Numerous factors can disrupt the normal physiologic mechanisms involved in erection. Most cases of ED were thought to be psychologically based, but it is now understood that most have an organic cause, especially in older patients. ED may also be related to psychological, neurological, hormonal, pharmacological and end organ (penile) factors (Fazio L and Brock G, 2004).
ED affects the quality of life (QoL) of millions of people worldwide. ED is associated with many psychosocial problems such as decreased QoL, low self-esteem, depression, and marital tension (Fatt QK, 2012).
The appropriate evaluation of all men with ED should include a medical and detailed sexual history, a physical examination, a psychosocial evaluation, and basic laboratory studies (Raina R et al., 2007). Lifestyle changes and risk factors modification must precede or accompany any pharmacological treatment (Hatzimouratidis K, 2010).The family physician’s role in the management of ED includes clinical assessment and treatment including counseling, referral and follow-up (Andrology Australia, 2014).
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Summary
The goal:
Improvement of sexual health of men
The main objectives of this work were to:
1) Assess risk factors for erectile dysfunction.
2) Assess socio-demographic characteristics of the study group.
Patient and methods
The study was a cross- sectional study that conducted in The Andrology Clinic in Menofiya University Hospital in Menoufia University. Cases were recruited in the period of 1 year and 7 months (started on1st April 2015 to 31th October 2016). The participants were 169 who had the inclusion criteria and accept to participate in this study.
All subjects of the study sample were subjected to an interview .The interview has the following aims to discuss the study aims and designs and taking consent. Filling the questionnaire and registering their answers in a pre-structured questionnaire in Arabic language which has 4 parts, 1st part about the sociodemographic data, the 2nd part to assess risk factors of ED, the 3rd part is the international index of erectile function (IIEF) to assess erectile function over the past 4 weeks and the 4th part is about quality of life.
Procedure of the study had three phases; preparatory phase, implementation phase and data analysis and interpretation phase. Writing the protocol of the study formulation and writing of literature review then preparation of questionnaires. Implementation Phase: All participants were intervened where the consent was taken after explanation of the study aims and techniques.
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Summary
Main results
The main sociodemographic characteristics affecting erectile dysfunction are age of the patient. The main risk factors for developing erectile dysfunction are lifestyle risk factors (smoking and obesity), medical conditions (DM, hypertension, heart disease, dyslipideamia, LUTS, hypogonadism), drugs (BB, diuretics, insulin, psychiatric drugs and silymarin), marital problems and penile and pelvis injury. Pychogenic factor is present in most cases of ED. In patients with erectile dysfunction other domains of (IIEF) including (orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction) are reduced. Also erectile dysfunction negatively affects all domains of QoL in (WHOQOL-BREF).
Conclusion:
from the results of this study, it can be concluded that ED has a significant negative impact on the quality of life and life satisfaction of both the affected individual so there is a need to encourage prevention and treatment of ED.
Recommendations:
Asking the government to
• Educate and well train family physicians about sexual health
Encourage family physicians to:
• Encourage treatment of ED even in old age
• Old people and those with predisposing co- morbidity such as CVD, diabetes, or depression should be examined for ED.
• Examine Patients with ED for CVD, DM or depression
• Prevent ED through correction of the modifiable risk factors.