الفهرس 
Diabetic RetinopathyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in the working population. An individualized treatment plan for patients with complications of diabetic retinopathy can involve a combination of laser, pharmacologic, and surgical treatments. While the main indications for surgical intervention in diabetic retinopathy are largely unchanged, the indications and timing for PPV continue to evolve. The indications for diabetic vitrectomy are ever growing thanks to continued advancements in MIVS technology. Prior concerns about instrument flexibility, low aspiration and flow rates, and poor illumination have been overcomed and are no longer true disadvantages to small-gauge surgery.
The availability of MIVS in conjunction with improved instrumentation and visualization systems may lower the threshold for vitrectomy for some physicians, and earlier surgical intervention may be advisable.
Conclusion: Refined technologies in vitrectomy surgery have allowed for improved instrumentation and surgical efficiency compared to prior 20 G PPV systems. The introduction of minimally invasive 23 G and 25 G systems to the market, which have now become standard in clinical practice, has permitted transconjunctival incisions and smaller sclerotomy size. Twenty- seven- gauge systems have also started to become available and may eventually become widely used in practice.
Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, PPV, MIVS