الفهرس 
Abstract
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Abstract
Training is focused on teaching new behaviors or changing existing behaviors of individual participants for the purpose of improving performance.The hope of training is gaining knowledge and skills, employees will make changes that enhance their performance and thinking. This enhancement is thought to potentially assist the organization in remaining viable. But, if the knowledge and skills learned in formal training are not transferred into the work setting, they are of minimal value to the organization. Therefore, transfer of training is a complex phenomenon composed of many variables, including trainee characteristics, training program design, learning environment, and work environment.Nurses managers and leaders throughout organizations know they need to change the way they work. As they seek to drive results at a tactical level, leaders are looking for new rules of the road to give them a competitive edge and fuel new problem solving skills. To make effective sense of unfamiliar situations and complex challenges, they must have a grasp of the whole of the situation, including its variables, unknowns, and mysterious forces. This requires skills beyond everyday analysis, it requires innovation.Innovation is the process of developing new approaches, technologies and ways of working. It can apply to tools and technologies and processes, or to the way an organization or an individual behaves, works, or acts. Innovation starts with a good idea, but it is much more than that.In this study the researcher tried to investigate and identify the needs of nurse manager for managerial innovative skills and implementing an in-service education program designed toward improving their knowledge related to managerial innovation and finally investigate enablers and barriers for innovation.The aim and objectives of the study were:1- To identify learning needs of nurse managers required for managerial innovation.2-To plan and design an in-service training program for developing managerial innovative skills.3-To determine the barriers and enablers for innovation.The needs assessment for developing the program was determined by a structured interview questionnaire used for nurse manager to assess needs required for innovative manager.Accordingly, the program was designed to meet nurse managers needs for managerial innovation skills. The program was carried out in a period of four days through organized educational sessions. The program was implemented in the continuing education center of university hospitals. A sample of 22 nurse managers from three hospitals, Main Hospital, Pediatric Hospital and Women Hospital.The evaluation of the program was based on the difference between nurse managers’ knowledge before and after implementation of the program.To achieve this the following steps were used:1-Testing the knowledge of the participants before and after the program.2- Participants opinions about the benefits of attending the program.3- Investigate enablers and barriers for managerial innovation.The results of the in- service education program evaluation were:1-The program provides nurses manager with adequate information related to management and innovation skills. A statistically significant difference was observed between their knowledge mean scores obtained in the pre- test and post-test and follow up.2-The program had positive effect on the participants’ morale and enhance team work. And they recommended to repeat it to all managerial level in the different hospitals.3-There were enablers and many barriers faced nurse managers to implement innovation.Therefore, it can be concluded that, the participants have gained enough knowledge and thinking skills to innovate. It can be accepted that any innovative ideas can be arisen from any employee who learn innovative skills.So, training programs is necessary for nurse managers and all employees at any managerial level. To motivate them and gain new ideas, try to update their knowledge and introduce new techniques. Finally, organizational innovation can be achieved through training your employees and remove the barriers faced them. Training is focused on teaching new behaviors or changing existing behaviors of individual participants for the purpose of improving performance.The hope of training is gaining knowledge and skills, employees will make changes that enhance their performance and thinking. This enhancement is thought to potentially assist the organization in remaining viable. But, if the knowledge and skills learned in formal training are not transferred into the work setting, they are of minimal value to the organization. Therefore, transfer of training is a complex phenomenon composed of many variables, including trainee characteristics, training program design, learning environment, and work environment.Nurses managers and leaders throughout organizations know they need to change the way they work. As they seek to drive results at a tactical level, leaders are looking for new rules of the road to give them a competitive edge and fuel new problem solving skills. To make effective sense of unfamiliar situations and complex challenges, they must have a grasp of the whole of the situation, including its variables, unknowns, and mysterious forces. This requires skills beyond everyday analysis, it requires innovation.Innovation is the process of developing new approaches, technologies and ways of working. It can apply to tools and technologies and processes, or to the way an organization or an individual behaves, works, or acts. Innovation starts with a good idea, but it is much more than that. In this study the researcher tried to investigate and identify the needs of nurse manager for managerial innovative skills and implementing an in-service education program designed toward improving their knowledge related to managerial innovation and finally investigate enablers and barriers for innovation.The aim and objectives of the study were:1- To identify learning needs of nurse managers required for managerial innovation.2-To plan and design an in-service training program for developing managerial innovative skills.3-To determine the barriers and enablers for innovation.The needs assessment for developing the program was determined by a structured interview questionnaire used for nurse manager to assess needs required for innovative manager.Accordingly, the program was designed to meet nurse managers needs for managerial innovation skills. The program was carried out in a period of four days through organized educational sessions. The program was implemented in the continuing education center of university hospitals. A sample of 22 nurse managers from three hospitals, Main Hospital, Pediatric Hospital and Women Hospital. The evaluation of the program was based on the difference between nurse managers’ knowledge before and after implementation of the program.To achieve this the following steps were used:1-Testing the knowledge of the participants before and after the program.2- Participants opinions about the benefits of attending the program.3- Investigate enablers and barriers for managerial innovation.The results of the in- service education program evaluation were:1-The program provides nurses manager with adequate information related to management and innovation skills. A statistically significant difference was observed between their knowledge mean scores obtained in the pre- test and post-test and follow up.2- The program had positive effect on the participants’ morale and enhance team work. And they recommended to repeat it to all managerial level in the different hospitals.3- There were enablers and many barriers faced nurse managers to implement innovation.Therefore, it can be concluded that, the participants have gained enough knowledge and thinking skills to innovate. It can be accepted that any innovative ideas can be arisen from any employee who learn innovative skills.So, training programs is necessary for nurse managers and all employees at any managerial level. To motivate them and gain new ideas, try to update their knowledge and introduce new techniques. Finally, organizational innovation can be achieved through training your employees and remove the barriers faced them.