الفهرس 
Aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. Diabetes cause many complications. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, kidney failure, foot ulcers and diabetic retinopathy.
Diabetic retinopathy is a systemic disease, which affects up to 80 percent of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. It is the leading cause of new blindness in persons aged 25-74 years in the United States.
Normal vision depends on the normal function of the retinal neurons to produce a good quality of vision. The quality of vision starts to deteriorate early in diabetes, before the clinical retinopathy becomes evident. The longer a person has diabetes, the higher his or her chances of developing diabetic retinopathy.
DR is a microangiopathy that exhibits features of both microvascular occlusion and leakage. The exact mechanism by which diabetes causes retinopathy remains unclear, but several theories have been postulated to explain the typical course and history of the disease such as the growth hormone, increased platelets aggregation and blood viscosity, macular edema, hypoxia and neovascularization theories.
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Summary
Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is an important structural neuron in the retina which is often shown to be affected in the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. In recent years, several studies have indicated occurrence of peripapillary RNFL thinning in the retina of diabetic patients, so evaluation of peripapillary RNFL thickness would be very important, because early detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy is critical to reduce the risk of blindness. O.C.T. can accurately and reproducibly evaluate the nerve fiber layer thickness.
In our study we are trying to evaluate the effect of diabetes with retinopathy on quantitative retinal nerve fiber layer assessment around optic nerve by the use of OCT in 20 diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to 20 non diabetic normal persons. It was found that the mean average RNFL thickness in PDR is 147.90 µm and in NPDR is 99.38 µm. SD in PDR is+/- 14.99 and in NPDR is +/-9.41. P value is> 0.001 which means early decrease in RNFL thickness in NPDR, and the thickness then increased which may be caused by the edema.