الفهرس 
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Abstract
Respiratory tract infection are the main reason why people visit doctors, it is one of the major connection between outside environment and human body. The principle function of respiratory tract is gas exchange. It is therefore, constantly exposed to the gaseous environment, which contains a suspension of particulate material including bacteria, viruses.
The present investigation was planned to throw a light on the study of the antibacterial activity of some natural products (ethanolic extracts of some medicinal plants and Honey bee and Royal jelly) against bacteria isolated from sputum samples isolated from patients suffering from respiratory tract infections. Because of widespread of microorganism’s resistance to antibiotics, using natural antimicrobial products has been increased due to fewer adverse effects and ease of utilization.
A total number of 71 sputum samples from patients of respiratory tract diseases including:
Chronic bronchitis (12), Pneumonia (22), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (21), chronic suppurative lung disease (16) were collected from hospitals of Mansoura university, Egypt, where the age of patients ranged from 15 years to 75 years. In this study there are 40 male and 31 females.
The respiratory tract infections in Man were chronic bronchitis (9.8%), Pneumonia (31.71%), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (26.83%), chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) (31.71%) while in woman were chronic bronchitis (13.33%), Pneumonia (33.33%), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (36.67%), chronic suppurative lung disease CSLD (16.67%).
The respiratory tract infections in Age ≤35 were chronic bronchitis (25%), Pneumonia (50%), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (17%) and chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) (8%), while Age ≥35 are chronic bronchitis (8%), pneumonia (29%), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (34%), and chronic suppurative lung disease CSLD (29%).
The respiratory tract infections in Non-smoking patients were chronic bronchitis (15.8%), pneumonia (39.5%), chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) (31.5%), and chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) (13.2%), while Smoking patients are chronic bronchitis (6.1%), Pneumonia (24.2%), COPD (30.3) %, and chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) (39.4%).
Bacteria isolated from respiratory tract infections samples were Staphylococcus aureus (25%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (34%), followed Klebsiella pneumoniae (30%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11%).
Bacteria isolated from males samples were Staphylococcus aureus (26.8%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (31.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (24.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.1%), while in females were Staphylococcus aureus (23.33%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (36%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (36%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.3%).
Bacteria isolated in Age ≤35 were Staphylococcus aureus (25%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (17%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8%), while in age ≥35 were Staphylococcus aureus (25.4%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (37.3%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25.4%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.9 %).
Bacteria isolated from non-smoking patients were Staphylococcus aureus (28.9%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (31.58%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (31.58 %) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.89%), while smoking patients were Staphylococcus aureus (21.3%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (36.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.3%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.2%).
The bacteria frequently isolated from patients with chronic bronchitis were Staphylococcus aureus (41.66%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (25%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (25%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8.33%), while pneumonia were Staphylococcus aureus (13.6%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (50%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (27.3%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were Staphylococcus aureus (28.6%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (14.3 %), Klebsiella pneumoniae (47.6%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.5 %) and chronic suppurative lung disease were Staphylococcus aureus (25%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (43.75%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.75%).
The antimicrobial activity of some antibiotics (Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, Imipenem, Cefotaxime, Cloxacillin, and Amoxicillin\clavulanic acid, Ceftazidime, Spiramycin, Piperacillin, Ampicillin\sulbactam, and Ampicillin) against the following isolates S.aureus, S.pneumoniae, K.pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa using disc diffusion method.
S. aureus was highly susceptible for Levofloxacin, Imipenem with inhibition zone followed by ciprofloxacillin, Meropenem, Azithromycin and Amoxicillin\clavulanic Acid, Cloxacillin, while showed intermediate sensitivity to Cefotaxime, Spiramycin respectively.
S. pneumoniae was highly susceptible for Levofloxacin followed by Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem, Azithromycin, Imipenem and Gentamycin respectively. S. pneumoniae was resistant to the other eight examined antibiotics.
K. pneumoniae was highly susceptible for Meropenem, followed by Imipenem, Cefotaxime, Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Piperacillin, Gentamycin, respectively, while showed intermediate sensitivity to Ceftazidime.
P. aeruginosa was highly susceptible for Levofloxacin, followed by Imipenem, Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin respectively, while showed intermediate sensitivity to Amoxicillin\clavulanic Acid.
Four plants (Caraway, Anise, Clove, and black cumin) and honey bee and royal jelly were shown to have an inhibitory effect against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa which are an important pathogen in respiratory infection.
Honey bee, Black cumin, Royal jelly and caraway, were shown to have inhibitory effect against S.aureus. Caraway and Clove were shown to have inhibitory effect against S.pneumoniae. Anise, Caraway and honey Bee were effective against K. pneumoniae .P.aeruginosa was resistant to all tested plant extracts and honey bee and royal jelly.
Caraway and honey bee were found to be the most effective natural product against test strains. S.aureus are found to be more susceptible to plant extracts and honey bee samples.