الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
PPAR is activated by mTOR in the process of adipogenesis, here it seems that upon treatment by TQ and/or SIL the activation of PPAR is independent of mTOR evident by the immunoblot analysis which showed depletion in the expression levels of mTOR, further studies are needed to elucidate this mechanism.
Overexpression of PPAR in the TQ and/or SIL-treated breast cancer cells led to terminal differentiation of these cells evident by the dramatic morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular changes that are characteristic of a more differentiated and less malignant state of cells. The regulation of cyclin D1 and PPAR expression by therapeutic intervention is an attractive avenue for treating breast cancer. Further work is needed to support/elucidate this mechanism as well as to determine the effects of TQ and/or SIL in conjunction with other chemopreventive agents. The use of herbal drugs as complementary medicine is prevalent and gaining worldwide popularity. Many drugs are derived directly from plants; while the others are chemically modified natural products. The data presented here so far have confirmed the pharmacological potential of TQ and SIL.
RECOMMENDATION Further investigations are required to study the mechanism of actions of TQ and SIL by which they exert their therapeutic effects. Chemical modifications in the molecular structure of TQ and SIL could lead to more effective and safer drugs for the treatment of wide variety of diseases in the future. TQ and SIL or others could be used in suitable combinations with existing chemotherapeutic agents for an effective treatment of many infectious diseases and to overcome the resistance problem. Moreover, further researches should focus and explore the specific cellular and molecular targets of various constituents of NS, particularly TQ. The data presented here would help researchers in investigating and conducting further preclinical and clinical studies on the use of NS in combination with SIL for the treatment of variety of diseases.