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Abstract Residential care institutes are those that receive children who were deprived from a normal nurturing environment. they have been described as a ’’breeding ground’’ for common psychiatric pathologies of childhood. Children in orphanages suffer a substantial number of behavioral, learning, social or emotional problems. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder causing executive dysfunction that leads to significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning. It has three subtypes; inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity and combined. It can occur by genetic or environmental etiology, with onset before age of 12 years. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, treatment depends on educational accommodations, medications (Psychostimulants), behavior modification, and family counseling. This thesis was taken up to assess ADHD among children living in residential care institutes as well as the risk factors contributing to its development. It was a cross-sectional, comparative clinical study. Occurrence of ADHD in the cases group was significantly higher than that in the control group. School performance and enuresis were the most predicting factors predicting the appearance of ADHD. |