الفهرس 
Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic NephropathyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is pandemic syndrome which is the major cause
of many morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetic nephropathy is a
progressive and irreversible renal disease characterized by the
accumulation of extracellular matrix in glomerular basement membrane
(glomerulosclerosis) and kidney interstitial tissue that eventually leads to
renal failure. The pathogenesis of DN can be attributed to several
mechanisms among which is the oxidative stress. Hyperglycemia
stimulates reactive oxygen species formation from different sources.
Billirubin is the end product of heme catabolism. It has been
recognized as a substance with potent antioxidant properties by protecting
lipids from oxidation and down-regulating NADPH oxidase.
The aim of the present investigation was to study the changes in
serum billirubin level in diabetic nephropathy and see wheather there is
correlation between its level and the stages of nephropathy in diabetic rats.
To achieve this goal sixty male albino rats were used and divided into the
following groups:
I: Non-Diabetic group (10 rats).
II: Diabetic group (10rats).
III: Diabetic nephropathy group (20rats). This group was subdivided
into: III .a) Microalbuminuric diabetic nephropathy.
III .b) Macroalbuminuric diabetic nephropathy.
IV: Insulin-treated diabetic nephropathy group (20 rats). This
group was subdivided into:
IV.a) Microalbuminuric insulin-treated diabetic nephropathy.