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Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem worldwide. Thyroid dysfunction represents one of the commonest endocrine manifestations of chronic hepatitis C infection (HCV), exacerbated by interferon-based treatment. Changes in thyroid function are common side-effects occurring during antiviral therapy with interferon-alpha (IFN-α). In this way, the spectrum of thyroid diseases range from the production of isolated anti-thyroid antibodies to dysfunctions such as hypothyroidism, Graves’ disease (GD), and destructive thyroiditis. Over the last years it has started a real revolution in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. This occurred for the availability of direct-acting antiviral agents that allow to reach sustained virologic response in approximately 90% of cases. In the near future further progress will be achieved with the use of pan-genotypic drugs with high efficacy but without side effects. Conclusion: We concluded from this study that lower serum level of CXCL10 during treatment of HCV patients with combined IFN α and ribavirin compared to pretreatment levels is a predictor of thyroid disorders occurrence as a side effect of IFN α treatment that allows us for further thyroid follow up during treatment to avoid thyroid affection and to avoid decrease effectiveness of IFN α therapy. |