الفهرس 
NERVE SUPPLY AND ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF SCALPOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
It is clear that awake craniotomy (AC) arose from its use in epilepsy surgery and it has become an increasingly frequent neurosurgical procedure, even for supratentorial tumoral and/or non-tumoral lesions. This method is generally used when a lesion involves or is close to any functional or eloquent area, such as primary motor or language cortices, in order to reduce the possibility of neurological deficits. The overall aim is to minimize the risks of such operations. However, there has been some criticism that AC for preservation of functional areas may decrease the extent of surgical resection. Evolutionary stages with respect to this neurosurgical intervention involve the development of surgical techniques, use of new anesthetic drugs and advanced functional imaging and neuronavigation. Modern anesthetic approaches may be divided as follows: Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) and asleep- awake -asleep (AAA) and recently a new approach of awake-awake-awake technique.
Conclusion: There is increasing evidence that an awake craniotomy would be an appropriate choice for removal of all supratentorial lesions nonselectively. It can maximize lesion resection, which can be linked to improved survival rates, and has low complication rates.