الفهرس 
Anatomy and Physiology of PainOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pain is a physiological response that warns us of danger. It is
usually starts by the detection of noxious stimuli which has a
specialized role of the somatosensory system. Nociceptors
belong to primary afferent neurons, which synapses with second
order neurons to modulate onward transmission of pain signal at
dorsal horn. The process of nociception describes the normal
processing of pain and the responses to noxious stimuli that are
damaging or potentially damaging to normal tissue
A proactive approach to pain assessment can reduce pain,
increase patient comfort and satisfaction. Evaluation of pain in
children is influenced by the age of children and their
perception of pain. Many assessment tools has been developed
and validated for children
Patient-controlled analgesia is ideal for postoperative
analgesia .but it is probably not practical until the child is five
years or older. In which morphine is the drug of choice. This is
used in hospital setting
Interventional therapies such as regional analgesia, the regional
block can be single shot caudal analgesia or a continuous caudal
or epidural block for postoperative analgesia. A peripheral nerve
blocks can be used to treat a wide variety of acute pain
condition.