الفهرس 
Pathogenesis of DME, RVO and AMDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Macular edema continues to remain a leading cause of severe visual loss worldwide. In the past decade, a number of advances in pharmacotherapeutics have dramatically improved outcomes in these patients. VEGF inhibitors have become firmly established as the standard of care in the treatment of macular edema secondary to different diseases. In protocol T, intravitreous aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab improved vision in eyes with center-involved DME with no significant difference between them, however at worse levels of initial visual acuity, aflibercept was more effective at improving vision. Regarding RVO, all the three drugs showed same efficacy in improving visual acuity, however ranibizumab showed superiority to bevacizumab in decreasing macular edema on OCT in some studies. Also in senile AMD, no significant difference was found in the mean improvement in BCVA or central retinal thickness between the three drugs but less number of injections was needed with aflibercept.