الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study aimed to compare between characteristics of water and sediment samples of the eastern and western Mediterranean Sea coasts of Egypt considering the flowing Nile River water eastward which could induce impacts on the eastern coast of the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. Therefore water and sediment samples were collected seasonally for four successive seasons during the duration of autumn 2014 season to summer 2015 season from Port Fouad city in the east and Alexandria city in the west with respect to the collection of water and sediment samples from Damietta branch of the Nile River.
Collected water and sediment samples were tested for some physical and chemical parameters including: temperatures, water turbidity, T.S.S and chlorophyll-a as well as the determination of water salinity, concentrations of T.D.S. and concentrations of some nutrient salts and trace metals such as: Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, CO3-2, HCO3-, PO4-3, NO3-, SO4-2, Fe+3, Cu+2, Zn+2 and Mn+2.
Many bacteriological and biochemical tests were applied for the determination of total bacterial counts and identification of bacterial isolates of the collected water and sediment samples during the four successive seasons of the present study as well as measuring the microbial enzymatic activities of α- amylase and β- galactosidase enzymes in both water and sediment samples which were collected from Alexandria, Port Fouad and the Nile River sites. Statistical analysis were applied using SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2013.
Statistical analysis showed that values of Chl.a showed strong negative correlation between readings of Alexandria site and Port Fouad site as well as T.S.S while for chemical properties of water samples, the statistical analysis showed weak non-significant correlations as for salinity, T.D.S., Ca+2, Cu+2 and Mn+2 as well as variations between concentrations of Mg+2, PO4-3 and Cl- which were confirmed by negative non-significant correlations. Concentrations of Fe+3, K+, SO4-2, Na+, Zn+2 and NO3- showed strong positive significant correlations.
The impact of the flowing water of the Nile River into the northern eastern Mediterranean Sea coast of Egypt was observed in water turbidity values which showed strong positive significant correlations during the seasonal duration of autumn 2014 to summer 2015. Same concentrations of HCO3- were recorded during winter and spring seasons in Port Fouad and the Nile River water samples.
Concentrations of Fe+3, Mn+2 and Ca+2 as well as the total bacterial counts of water and sediment samples of both sites showed strong positive significant correlations in addition to the results of enzymatic activity of α-amylase and β-galactosidase enzymes which showed the same patterns of increasing and decreasing during the seasonal duration of autumn 2014 to summer 2015 than those between Port Fouad site and Alexandria site. While variations between marine and riverine water of Port Fouad and the Nile River sites were observed in results of Chl.a and T.S.S as well as concentrations of Na+, Cl-, Mg+2, PO4-3, NO3- which showed negative non-significant correlations; the results of salinity, T.D.S., concentrations of K+ and Zn+2 showed weak non-significant correlations while Cu+2 showed no correlations at all.
The observed variations between concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg+2 and Ca+2 of water samples of Port Fouad and the Nile River sites agreed with previous studies comparing concentrations of some nutrient salts in marine and riverine water.
Total bacterial counts showed no remarkable variations in water and sediment samples of Alexandria, Port Fouad and the Nile River sites whereas statistical tests showed strong significant correlations (p = 0.00, r = 0.99). Biochemical tests that were applied on bacterial isolates resulted in identification of twenty bacterial genera which were:
Aerococcus sp., Aeromonas sp., Bacillus sp., Cellulomonas sp., Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., Eschrichia sp., Halobacillus sp., Kurthia sp., Lactobacillus sp., Lactococcus sp., Listeria sp., Microbacterium sp., Micrococcus sp., Oceanobacillus sp., Planococcus sp., Salinococcus sp., Sporosarcina sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Vibrio sp.
The identified bacterial genera were classified into Gram positive and Gram negative, bacilli and cocci shaped, spore forming and non-spore forming. However, more variations were observed between these bacterial genera in water and sediment samples of Port Fouad and the Nile River sites than those in water and sediment samples of Alexandria site and Port Fouad site whereas most of bacterial genera that were isolated from Port Fouad water samples were isolated as well from Alexandria water samples especially Oceanobacillus sp., Listeria sp. and Microbacterium sp. Isolation of the identified bacterial genera varied in different water and sediment samples of Alexandria, Port Fouad and the Nile River sites across the four successive seasons of the present study while specific genera were isolated seasonally from all the water and sediment samples of Alexandria, Port Fouad and the Nile River sites represented in Vibrio sp. and Eschrichia sp.
The observed variations of nutrient salts’ concentrations, T.D.S., water salinity, Cl- concentrations as well as results of enzymatic activity of water samples of Alexandria site and Port Fouad site lead to the conclusion and confirm the impact of the flowing Nile River water on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea of Egypt.
The present study aimed to compare between characteristics of water and sediment samples of the eastern and western Mediterranean Sea coasts of Egypt considering the flowing Nile River water eastward which could induce impacts on the eastern coast of the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea. Therefore water and sediment samples were collected seasonally for four successive seasons during the duration of autumn 2014 season to summer 2015 season from Port Fouad city in the east and Alexandria city in the west with respect to the collection of water and sediment samples from Damietta branch of the Nile River.
Collected water and sediment samples were tested for some physical and chemical parameters including: temperatures, water turbidity, T.S.S and chlorophyll-a as well as the determination of water salinity, concentrations of T.D.S. and concentrations of some nutrient salts and trace metals such as: Cl-, Na+, K+, Mg+2, Ca+2, CO3-2, HCO3-, PO4-3, NO3-, SO4-2, Fe+3, Cu+2, Zn+2 and Mn+2.
Many bacteriological and biochemical tests were applied for the determination of total bacterial counts and identification of bacterial isolates of the collected water and sediment samples during the four successive seasons of the present study as well as measuring the microbial enzymatic activities of α- amylase and β- galactosidase enzymes in both water and sediment samples which were collected from Alexandria, Port Fouad and the Nile River sites. Statistical analysis were applied using SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2013.
Statistical analysis showed that values of Chl.a showed strong negative correlation between readings of Alexandria site and Port Fouad site as well as T.S.S while for chemical properties of water samples, the statistical analysis showed weak non-significant correlations as for salinity, T.D.S., Ca+2, Cu+2 and Mn+2 as well as variations between concentrations of Mg+2, PO4-3 and Cl- which were confirmed by negative non-significant correlations. Concentrations of Fe+3, K+, SO4-2, Na+, Zn+2 and NO3- showed strong positive significant correlations.
The impact of the flowing water of the Nile River into the northern eastern Mediterranean Sea coast of Egypt was observed in water turbidity values which showed strong positive significant correlations during the seasonal duration of autumn 2014 to summer 2015. Same concentrations of HCO3- were recorded during winter and spring seasons in Port Fouad and the Nile River water samples.
Concentrations of Fe+3, Mn+2 and Ca+2 as well as the total bacterial counts of water and sediment samples of both sites showed strong positive significant correlations in addition to the results of enzymatic activity of α-amylase and β-galactosidase enzymes which showed the same patterns of increasing and decreasing during the seasonal duration of autumn 2014 to summer 2015 than those between Port Fouad site and Alexandria site. While variations between marine and riverine water of Port Fouad and the Nile River sites were observed in results of Chl.a and T.S.S as well as concentrations of Na+, Cl-, Mg+2, PO4-3, NO3- which showed negative non-significant correlations; the results of salinity, T.D.S., concentrations of K+ and Zn+2 showed weak non-significant correlations while Cu+2 showed no correlations at all.
The observed variations between concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg+2 and Ca+2 of water samples of Port Fouad and the Nile River sites agreed with previous studies comparing concentrations of some nutrient salts in marine and riverine water.
Total bacterial counts showed no remarkable variations in water and sediment samples of Alexandria, Port Fouad and the Nile River sites whereas statistical tests showed strong significant correlations (p = 0.00, r = 0.99). Biochemical tests that were applied on bacterial isolates resulted in identification of twenty bacterial genera which were:
Aerococcus sp., Aeromonas sp., Bacillus sp., Cellulomonas sp., Corynebacterium sp., Enterobacter sp., Eschrichia sp., Halobacillus sp., Kurthia sp., Lactobacillus sp., Lactococcus sp., Listeria sp., Microbacterium sp., Micrococcus sp., Oceanobacillus sp., Planococcus sp., Salinococcus sp., Sporosarcina sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Vibrio sp.
The identified bacterial genera were classified into Gram positive and Gram negative, bacilli and cocci shaped, spore forming and non-spore forming. However, more variations were observed between these bacterial genera in water and sediment samples of Port Fouad and the Nile River sites than those in water and sediment samples of Alexandria site and Port Fouad site whereas most of bacterial genera that were isolated from Port Fouad water samples were isolated as well from Alexandria water samples especially Oceanobacillus sp., Listeria sp. and Microbacterium sp. Isolation of the identified bacterial genera varied in different water and sediment samples of Alexandria, Port Fouad and the Nile River sites across the four successive seasons of the present study while specific genera were isolated seasonally from all the water and sediment samples of Alexandria, Port Fouad and the Nile River sites represented in Vibrio sp. and Eschrichia sp.
The observed variations of nutrient salts’ concentrations, T.D.S., water salinity, Cl- concentrations as well as results of enzymatic activity of water samples of Alexandria site and Port Fouad site lead to the conclusion and confirm the impact of the flowing Nile River water on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea of Egypt.