الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Transcranial ultrasound is a primary imaging modilaty imployed in
the assessment of neonatal and infant brain, improvements in critical care
medicine have resulted in increased survival of premature,low birth
weight and asphyxiated infants.Several problems are associated with
imaging of critically ill neonates,These include the choice of imaging
technique,the timing of imaging study and the transporting of acutely ill
neonates,many of whom require ventilatory assistance and multiple
indwelling catheters .
Sonography is the neuro-imaging technique that is well established in
its use in the neonatal nursery.It is the accepted initial investigation for
the diagnosis of germinal matrix, intraventricular haemorrahge,or both in
the premature infants.Hydrocephalous complicating intraventricular
haemorrhage can be readily diagnosed and monitored,Also sonography
used to diagnose congenital intracranial anomalies.
The present study aimed at detecting cranial ultrasonographic
abnormalities in preterm neonates (30-34weeks) under the effect of
different risk factors, with finding the relation between these
ultrasonographic abnormalities and the presenting clinical data.
This research was conducted on 120 preterm neonates, whom were
admitted at NICU of Benha children hospital, they were 67 males
(55.8%) & 53 females (44.2%). Their gestational age ranged from 30 to
34 weeks with a mean of 32.6±1.3weeks .
Detailed history taking,full clinical examination and laboratory
investigation were performed before carrying out cranial ultrasonographic
scanning for all neonates at 7-14 days and the follow up cianial
ultrasounds was done after one month of the first one for follow up ,there
were106 cases with normal ultrasonography ,while the remaining 14
cases having different cranial abnormalities on cranial ultrasound , this
abnormalities including IVH , HIE , congenital hydrocephalus and PVL
.
Our results proved that all infants greater than 30 weeks gestation
with significant abnormalities on cranial US had specific perinatal risk
factors (eg; ante-partum hemorrhage, PROM, traumatic delivery,…) or
clinical findings(eg; poor reflexes, pallor, cyanosis, convulsions and
apnea) that would have indicated the need for prompt cranial U/S
evaluation. Also there is Significant relationships were detected between
follow up ultrasound and the first CUS findings .
Our study supports the recommendation by the American Academy
of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society that routine screening
cranial ultrasounds can be limited but suggests that the gestational age cut
off should be 30 weeks or more.
In conclution, cranial ultrasonography has been a major advance in
the study of neonatal brain,it is protable,safe,non invasive ,low cost and
highly effective technique that is of considerable value in evaluation of
neonatal intracranial disorders and should be included within integrated
approach to CNS imaging in the neonates.