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Abstract Microbial and chemical pollution of lakes have dangerous impacts on the ecosystem as whole. To human, microbial pollution leads to the spread of many diseases such as cholera, typhoid and severe diarrhea and hepatitis. The chemical pollution may lead to serious health effects such as birth defects, development disorders, respiratory problems, cancer and in some cases can lead to death. So, the attention must be paid to monitoring them carefully in all Egyptian lakes, especially Lake Qarun, since it is considered the key to development in the province of Fayoum, to a source of fisheries and salts. It also has great historical and tourist importance. Therefore, the present study was suggested for the assessment of anthropogenic impact on the lake by studying the seasonal changes at the chemical and physical properties of water and sediments. As well as, bacteriological analyses of water and sediments were investigated. However, the results are summarized in the following points. Several bacterial groups were detected, in both water and sediment samples of Lake Qarun, to judge the hygienic water quality of the bacteriological picture. They were briefly as follows: 1. The lowest total viable count of heterotrophic bacteria in subsurface water was detected in station VIII in winter, while the highest count was determined in station I in summer. The relative high values were observed in spring in station I and in the station I in autumn. 2. The lowest total viable count of Staphylococcus sp. in subsurface water was recorded in station V in winter and the highest count was detected in station I in summer. The relative high values were observed also in spring season in station I and in the station I in autumn. |