الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Disease PrevalenceOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Oral delivery of macromolecules has the potential to dramatically
improve patient acceptance and compliance with chronic regimens.
Macromolecular drugs are poorly absorbed across mucosal membranes
due to their hydrophilic nature and molecular mass. These compounds
represent a class of valuable therapeutics that is still administered via the
parenteral route. One of the greatest challenges is to deliver
macromolecules orally.
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is a suitable candidate for
oral macromolecule delivery systems as it is the most potent anticoagulant
known for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and
pulmonary embolism (PE).
In this respect, polymeric nanoparticles delivery systems made of
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PLGA, provide an attractive approach for
long term peroral delivery of therapeutic agents for chronic
administration. Interest in PLGA is due to its biocompatibility,
commercial availability in different grades and its ability to control drug
release.
However, formulation of water soluble macromolecules involving
these carriers still remains a challenge due to the fact that PLGA is not
water soluble and this poses a significant challenge to encapsulating
hydrophilic drugs into water-insoluble polymers efficiently.
The hydrophobic ion-pairing (HIP) technique was applied to
enhance the hydrophobicity in order to enhance the entrapment efficiency
of macromolecules within polymeric nanoparticles. This technique is.