الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Endoscopic endonasl approaches , is effective , and safe procedures regarding pituitary tumors , and it replaces the microscopic procedures even for recurrent cases.
In other lesions ; that are intradural , skull base reconstruction is still an obstacle ,and the long hospital stay is a hardsome issue . This will be overcom and eliminated by more meticulous closure and developing new reconstruction technique .
Techincal message :
In teaching and learning endoscopic techniques ; knowing endoscopic skull base anatomy is a must to make the procedure and the tool popular and for safe,effective and minimally invasive neurosurgery .