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Abstract In this study, the incidence of RSV among infants and young children attending Menoufia University Hospital during the winter season was detected using two diagnostic methods tissue culture and RT-PCR. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from Ninety seven patients in Pediatric Department of Menoufia University Hospital in two seasons; from October 2013 to April 2014 and from October 2014 to April 2015. Patients were evaluated for symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection (nasal congestion, sore throat, cough, sputum production, fever or earache). The age distribution among the cases of LRTIs in this study illustrated that about 72% of the cases were less than one year of age. The highest percentage of cases (45.4%) was seen in the age group from 0-6 months, followed by the age group from 6-12 months (26.8%), age group from 12-18 months (16.5% ), age group from 18-24 months (6.2%) and age group >24 months up to 5 years (4.1%). The mean age for the selected cases was 9.32.31 months (range 1.3-to >24 months up to 5 years). There was predominance of males among patients of LRTI (69.1%). All NPAs were tested for the presence of RSV by tissue culture and RTPCR. There was a highly significant difference between two previous methods for detection of RSV (P value =0.0001). Thirty out of 97 (30.9%) from NPAs showed RSV- like CPE (syncytia formation) in HEP-2 cells, while 68.04% of NPAs (66 specimens) were positive for RSV by RT-PCR. |