الفهرس 
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Abstract
The association between HLA and various hematological malignancies has been studied extensively and the rate of expression of certain HLA alleles is considered among the factors of susceptibility to develop leukemia.
In our study, we examined the associations of HLA-DRB1, -DQB1 alleles and Anti-HLA-G antibodies in patients with acute leukemia in a case–control study involving 40 cases and 20 controls.
The analysis of alleles from the class II locus DRB1 and DQB1 illuminates a spectrum of extremely significant allelic associations conferring both predisposition and protection using PCR-SSO method.
Comparison of the results of our study between the normal population and patients revealed that the presence of HLA-DRB1*06 allele increases the risk of AML while HLA-DRB1*13 and –DQB1*03 are thought to be protective genetic factor against overall and AML patients.
There was no significant difference in HLA-DRB1/DQB1 alleles according patient gender. Also there was no significance difference between patients and controls in the frequency of anti-HLA-G Antibodies.
However, further larger studies, on both normal and diseased population, are required to support our findings and to investigate more extensively the role of HLA class I and II alleles in the development of different types of leukemia.
It is especially to have reliable estimates of phenotype and haplotype frequencies of HLA antigens, alleles, or group of alleles in well-defined ethnic populations like Egyptians that are of both theoretical and practical importance.
Practical applications of such frequencies include prediction of the probability of finding a suitable HLA-matched donor for stem cell transplantation.
And also to study their immunological functions in resistance or susceptibility involved in the immune response against the proliferation of malignant cells and prognosis of the disease.