الفهرس 
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Abstract
HCC is the fifth most common cancer, the third most common cause for cancer death in the world, the major cause of death in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, Overwhelming lines of epidemiological evidence have indicated that persistent infection with hepatitis C virus is a major risk for the development of HCC. The incidence of HCC is expected to increase in the next two decades, largely due to hepatitis C infection and secondary cirrhosis, and detection of HCC at an early stage is critical for a favorable clinical outcome. Potential preventive strategies in the development of HCC are being recognized. Novel biological and molecular markers identified may aid in the diagnosis of early HCC in patients with chronic HCV.
In this study we evaluated the diagnostic potential of certain MMPs in HCC with or without HCV background. MMPs have now been considered as a promising target for cancer diagnosis and therapy and a large number of synthetic and natural MMPs have been identified as cytostatic and anti-angiogenic agents, and have begun to undergo clinical trials in view of their specific implication in malignant tissues.
We highlighted the important role of MMPs in mediating the interrelation between HCV and HCC and demonstrated different secretion patterns and diagnostic utilities for these parameters in various situations (i.e. HCV, HCC, HCV-HCC patients).
We aimed to suggest rapid, sensitive, cost saving and non-invasive markers for HCC and/or HCV that can provide valuable information to physicians for the optimal management of liver cancer and to investigate role of Matrix MetalloprotinasMMPses specifically stromelysins MMP3, MM10 and MMP11 as novel noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of HCC in Egyptian population and most importantly to suggest parameters that could improve the diagnostic performance of AFP.
Patients were divided into four groups Control, HCV, HCC and HCV-HCC. The study protocol approved was by faculty of pharmacy, Minia University research ethics committee. All subjects were informed about the tests, the protocol and the potential risks and benefits of the study. A written informed consent was obtained from each patient.
Patients were subjected to the following: complete clinical examination, abdominal ultrasonography, medical history, biochemical analysis (i.e. liver function tests, renal functions tests), histopathalogical and viral examination. And the following parameters were measured: serum Alanine Transaminase activity, serum Aspartate transaminase activity, serum Alkaline phosphatase activity, serum Total Bilirubin levels, serum Total Protein levels, serum Albumin levels, prothrombin time and concentrations, serum Creatinine levels, serum Urea levels, serum Alpha fetoprotein levels (AFP), serum stromelysin-1 levels (also known as human matrix metalloproteinase MMP- 3), serum stromelysin-2 levels (also known as human matrix metalloproteinase MMP-10), serum stromelysin-3 levels (also known as human matrix metalloproteinase MMP-11), P53 codon 72 polymorphism and P21 codon 31 polymorphism.