الفهرس 
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Abstract
Free-living birds are thought to be a potential reservoir in the maintenance and dissemination of bacterial Enteropathogens in nature because of their great mobility and the high carrier rate of some pathogens, This study investigated the prevalence of bacteria and parasites from different organs (liver, kidney, heart, lungs and contents of intestine) of 76 apparently healthy resident and migratory wild birds (10 Hooded Crows, 12 Cattle Egrets, 13 Rock Pigeons, 11 Laughing Doves, 10 shovler ducks, 10 Coots and 10 Green Winged Teal ducks). The gram-negative bacteria was identified as E.coli, Salmonella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, and pseudomona aeruginosa at the rate of 60.5%, 32.9%, 21%, 36.8%, 25%, 26.3%, 35.5% and 25% respectively . On the other hand, gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aeures was isolated at the rate of 47.4%. The prevalence of these bacterial enteropathogens in wild birds near the broiler chicken houses suggested that wild birds that gain entry to poultry grow-out houses have the potential to transmit this pathogen to poultry. Molecular characterization using PCR technique was done followed by sequencing of the isolates. An examination of gastrointestinal tract revealed the presence of nematode (Ascaridia galli), three species of cestoda: Hymenolepis demneota, Raillietina spp., Cotugnias spp., in resident wild birds. Ecto parasites recorded in this study were Menopon gallinae, Argas persicus, No cryptosporidium or protozoa were detected in this study. No internal or external parasites were detected in migratory waterfowl samples.