الفهرس 
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Abstract
efficiency in terms of apical canal transportation and apical extrusion of debris while using a new rotary single file system waveone and single file protaper F2 with a reciprocation motion and using a continuous rotation motion with the protaper full sequence rotary files.
A total of fourty five extracted human mandibular first and second molars with mature apices and normal root morphology with moderate canal curvature for the mesial root (20°- 35°) according to Schneider (66) were used in this study.
Samples were divided into three groups (fifteen each). The first and second groups were prepared with wavone rotary single file system and F2 ProTaper rotary file respectively using a reciprocating motion. The third group was prepared with Rotary ProTaper NiTi full sequence finishing with F2 file in a continuous rotation motion.
Apical transportation was assessed by the method described by Cimis et al (67). Pre-instrumentation radiographs were taken by K-file #15 while post-instrumentation radiographs by the master
Summary
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apical file. The degree of transportation was evaluated by using the autocad 2010 software.
Apical extrusion of debris was assessed by placing samples in an assembly described by Myers and Montgomery (44) to receive the apically extruded debris during root canal enlargement. A microbalance was used to weigh the extruded debris after total dryness.
Results of this study showed that all groups caused apical transportation, however there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the amount of apically extruded debris in the three groups. Although not statistically significant the second group showed a greater amount of apical transportation and apical extrusion of debris in comparison to the other two groups.