الفهرس 
Introduction
AetiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Introduction:Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) comprises conditions characterized by multiple joint contractures at birth.It occurs as a result of fetal akinesia (decreased intrauterine fetal movement), which is the common end point of several different in utero processes.Aim of the work:This work aims to review literature concerned with classification of different types of AMC on clinical basis and using investigations e.g. brain CT, muscle enzymes, and EMG.As regarding the use of prenatal US, mothers of children born with congenital multiple joint contractures should be evaluated for determination of the provisional cause of fetal immobilization.Aetiology:The main mechanism resulting in the development of AMC is reduced fetal movements (fetal akinesia), that is caused by either fetal or maternal abnormalities.Six major causes have been supposed for decreased fetal movement: fetal neuropathic,muscle, connective tissue abnormalities, space limitation, intrauterine vascular compromise, and maternal disease.Clinical presentation: AMC was divided into three categories: (1) disorders with mainly limb involvement, (2) disorders with limb involvement and involvement of some other body parts, and (3) disorders with limb involvement and CNS dysfunction.Approach to diagnosis: It is important to reach a diagnosis through pregnancy, delivery, and family history, examination, laboratory investigations, imaging, and Prenatal assessment. Careful serial sonographic examinations should be done.Management:The treatment of a child with arthrogryposis is aiming to achieve functional independence for that child.