الفهرس 
Cisplatin and its mode of actionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cisplatin as a common chemotherapeutic agent is
widely used for the treatment of various cancers by its
mode of action. However, it affects normal tissues through
production of ROS and free radicals. Under conditions of
excessive oxidative stress that occur with the
administration of Cisplatin, cellular antioxidant
mechanisms may be unable to prevent the harmful effects
of ROS on critical cellular processes. This leads to multiple
side effects and triggering the mechanisms of apoptosis.
Vitamin C through its antioxidant potency protects the
cell components against oxidative damage by neutralizing
the damaging effects of free radicals.
So the aim of this study was to detect the possible
protective effect of vitamin C on the damages induced by
Cisplatin in rats’ submandibular salivary glands.
Our study was carried out on forty - two male albino rats
weighing between 150-200 grams. The rats were divided
into:
1-Control group (GpI):
Rats were given distilled water by oro-pharyngeal tube, and
then they were given saline via intra-peritoneal injection.
2-Cisplatin group (GPII):
Rats of this group were given single dose of Cisplatin (5
mg/kg bw) via intra-peritoneal injection.
3- Vitamin C and Cisplatin group (GPIII):
Rats of this group were given single dose of vitamin C (100
mg/kg bw) by oro-pharyngeal tube, then after 10 min., they
were given Cisplatin via intra-peritoneal injection.
All groups were further subdivided equally according to
time of termination into 2 subgroups:
Subgroup A: Seven animals were terminated 3
days after the injection.
Subgroup B: The other seven animals were
terminated 5 days after the injection.
The rats’ submandibular salivary glands from both sides
were collected and those of one side were processed,
stained by H&E stain and examined by light microscope to
detect the histological changes induced by Cisplatin and the
possible protective effect of vitamin C and the others for
Anti-active Caspase 3 staining for detection of apoptosis.
Histological results:
Light microscopic examination of H&E sections of
control subgroup showed normal submandibular salivary
glands. In the subgroup received Cisplatin and terminated
after 3 days, the acini and the ductal lining epithelium
showed degenerative changes with numerous intracellular
vacuoles and pyknotic nuclei. The connective tissue
surrounding the ducts showed areas of destruction, with
dilated and congested blood vessels. These histological
damages of the parenchymal and connective tissue
elements of the glands were slightly less obvious in the
subgroup received Cisplatin and terminated after 5 days in
comparison with those received Cisplatin and terminated
after 3 days. However, the group that received Vitamin C
and Cisplatin, the parenchymal elements were normal
similar to the control group with very few cytoplasmic
vacuoles and pyknotic nuclei. The connective tissue
surrounding the ducts may show area of destruction with
dilated and congested blood vessels.
Immunohistochemical and statistical results:
The least apoptotic activity was shown in the control
subgroups which had similarity in their results followed by
the subgroup received Vitamin C and Cisplatin and
terminated after 5 days followed by that terminated after 3
days. where the most apoptotic activity was shown in the
subgroup received Cisplatin and terminated after 3 days
and followed by that terminated after 5 days.
There was a significant increase in apoptotic activity in
the subgroups that received Cisplatin when compared with
the control subgroups. The subgroup received Cisplatin and
terminated after 5 days showed a significant reduction in
apoptosis when compared to that terminated after 3 days.
While the subgroups that received vitamin C and Cisplatin
showed insignificant difference with the control subgroups
and with each other, while they showed a significant
decrease in the apoptois when compared with the
subgroups received Cisplatin only.