الفهرس 
Materials and MethodOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This investigation was carried out throught two experiments, frist experiment (pre-experiment) to
study the drought tolerance of twenty maintainer lines (B-Iines) and thirty-one restorer lines
(R-lines) under two irigation levels (100% as optimum and 40% from the optimum) to identify the
best and high yielded lines from both B and R lines under severe water stress in order to use them
for releasing new crosses. This experiment was conducted at Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, Sohag,
in two successive seasons 2000 and 2001.
Five B-lines and the same number from R-lines were selected as drought tolerance genotypes and two
B-lines and two R-lines were selected as susceptable genotypes. The selected A-lines and R-lines
were crossed to obtain forty-nine crosses.
The second experiment was conducted in two locations, Shandaweel Agric. Res. Station, Sohag and
Assiut Agric. Res. Farm, in 2002 season. This experiment included the forty-nine crosses and their
parental lines (seven B and seven R lines) plus the check hybrid Shandaweel-2.
In this study split-plot in RCBD design were used in the two experiments where the irrigation
levels (100% optimum and 40% from the optimum) located in the main-plot and the genotypes located
in the sub-plot. Line x tester analysis were used to compute the genetic parameters.
The obtained data m the two experiments were illustrated as following:-
1- Analysis of variance:-
The combined analysis of variance over the two years showed significant differences among lines,
years, irrigation treatments, and interactions between lines x years and lines x irrigation for all
the studied traits. Also, the interaction between lines x years x irrigation was significant for
all the studied traits except for the panicle width, reflecting the differential water requirements
of genotypes.
2- Lines performance:-
The combined data over two years indicated that days to 50% flowering under 40% of irrigation
water for the B-lines ranged from
66.84 (SPRV-94001-B) to 74.00 (SPMD-94002-B) and it ranged from 59.67 (SPRV-94001-B) to 68.17
(BTX-BON-23) under 100% of
irrigation water. Also, for the R-lines, it ranged from 67.50 (RTX-2737) to 77.50 (R-5646) and it
varied from 61.17 (RQL-36) to 70.50 (ICSV-
273) under 40 and 100% of irrigation water, respectively. The days to 50% flowering increased by 5
to 6 days under 40% of irrigation water for both B and R lines, respectively.
Plant height, under 40% and 100% of irrigation water for the B
lines ranged from 89.17 (SPSFR-94001-B) to 138.34 (SPAN-94037-B)
and from 106.67 (BTX-2-1) to 159.00 (SPST-94009-B), respectively. Also, for the R-lines, the
plant height ranged from 84.00 (R-5646) to
187.50 (ICSV-273) and it ranged from 100.00 (RTX-2862) to 210.00 (ICSV-273) under 40 and I 00% of
irrigation water, respectively. The plant height decreased by 15 and 20 em under 40% of irrigation
water for both B and R lines, respectively.
Panicle length, under 40% and 100% of irrigation water for the B
lines ranged from 18.69 (SPSFR-94001-B) to 25.92 (BTX-2-1) and from
R-lines, panicle length ranged from 18.32 (RQL-36) to 24.89 (89.V- 2084) and it ranged from 22.42
(TAM-428) to 32.17 (88-V-1080) under 40 and I 00% of irrigation water, respectively. The average
reductions over two years for panicle length of both B and R-lines under severe water stress were
5.04 and 4.84 em, respectively.
Panicle width, under 40% of irrigation water for the B-lines ranged from 4.00 (SPMD-94002-B) to
6.14 (SPAN-94037-B) and it ranged from
5.12 (SPRV-94001-B) to 7.24 (SPAN-94037-B) under 100% of irrigation water. Also, for the R-lines,
it ranged from 4.02 (RQL-36) to 7.94 (ICSV-
273) and it ranged from 4.75 (93-MR-732) to 9.50 (ICSV-273) under 40 and I 00% of irrigation water,
respectively. The reductions for panicle width of both B and R-lines under severe water stress were
1.22 and 1.36 em, respectively.
Number of green leaves, under 40% of irrigation water for the B lines ranged from 3.67
(SPMD-94001-B) to 8.00 (BTX-402) and it ranged from 5.17 (SPMD-94001-B) to 10.00 (BTX-402) under
100% of irrigation water. Also, for the R-lines, it ranged from 3.67 (RTX-2783 and RTX-2908) to
9.00 (ICSV-273) and from 6.84 (RTX-2783} to 11.00
(ICSV-273) under 40 and 100% of irrigation water, respectively. The reductions in both Band R-lines
under severe water stress in No. of green leaves were 2.42 and 2.62, respectively.
I 000-grain weight, under 40% of irrigation water for the B-lines ranged from 19.27 (RTX-623) to
25.23 (SPRV-94001-B) and it ranged from 24.39 (SPST-94009-B) to 28.42 (SPRV-94001-B) under 100%
of
irrigation water. Also for the R-lines, 1000-grain weight ranged from
18.62 (RTX-433) to 27.80 (GD-47814) and it ranged from 22.94 (RTX-
433) to 30.19 (GD-47814) under 40 and 100% of irrigation water, respectively. The reductions in the
average of 1000-grain weight for both
B and R-lines under severe water stress were 3.78 and 3.89 g, respectively.
The grain yield/plant for the B-lines under, 40% or irrigation water ranged from 29.15 (BTX-BON-23)
to 52.45 (BTX-2-1) while, under 100% of irrigation water, it ranged from 43.90
(SPSFR-94001-B) to
62.1.5 (BTX-2-l ). Also, for the R-lines, it ranged from 25.87 (RTX-2908) to 69.80 (ICSV-273) and
it ranged from 38.55 (TAM-428) to 80.80 (ICSV-273) under 40 and 100% of irrigation water,
respectively. The reductions in grain yield for both B and R-lines under sever water stress were
15.47 and 13.64 g, respectively.
The drought susceptibility index (DSI) values for B-lines ranged from 0.56 (BTX-ARG-1) to 1.65
(BTX-623), while, it ranged from 0.49 (ICSV-273) to 1.92 (RTX-2908) for the R-lines.
Results ofDSI values revealed that the lowest values of the B-lines for grain yield/plant were
0.56 (BTX-2-1), 0.57 (BTX-ARG-1), 0.58
(BTX-BON-44), 0.84 (SPRU-94009-B) and 0.64 (SPAN-94037-B),
while, the values ofDSI for the tolerant R-lines were 0.71 (89-V-2084), 0.62 (P-46-l), 0.62
(86-E0-361 sis) 0.49 (ICSV-273) and 0.73 (GD-
47814). These lines were more tolerant than 0.81 the check-! (8282- BDM-49). However, the highest
values of the B-lines for DSI were 1.65 (BTX-623) and 1.61 (SPMD-94002.8), while, for the R-lines
were 1.92 (RTX-2908) and 1.72 (R-5646). These highest values means those lines· are considered as
susceptible lines (DSI > _l ), comparing with l.ll the check-: (Dorado).
The selected B-lines as drought tolerance were BTX-ARG-1, BTX-2-1, BTX-BON-44, SPRU-94009-B,
SPAN-94037-B and the
selected R-lines were 89-V-2084, P-46-l, 86-E0-361 sis, ICSV-273 and GD-47814 and these lines have
high value of DTI and low value of DSI. While, the selected B-lines as susceptible were BTX-623,
SPMD-94002-
B, and the selected R-lines RTX-2908 and R-5646 gave low value ofDTI and high value ofDSI.
B- Evaluation of crosses obtained by line x tester :
1- Means and variance:-
The combined analysis of variance over irrigation levels at each location showed highly significant
differences between genotypes, irrigations and locations for all studied traits. The interactions
between genotypes x irrigations and genotypes x locations were highly significant for all studied
traits. While, the interaction between locations x irrgations was insignificant for all studied
traits except for both plant height and panicle length the interaction was significant, also, the
interactions between genotypes x irrigation x locations were highly significant for days to 50%
flowering, plant height, 1000 grian weight and grain yield/plant, reflecting the differential in
water requirments of genotpes varied from location to another.
The combined data over two locations indicated that days to 50% flowering for the female lines
under 40% of irrigation level ranged from
64.34 (ATX-2-1) to 75.67 (SPMD-94002-A) while, for the R-lines it
ranged from 68.84 (89-V-2084) to 77.84 (RTX-2908). Moreover, for the crosses it ranged from 62.00
(ATX-623 x 89-V-2084) to 80.00 (SPMD- 94002-A x RTX-2908). Also, for the female lines under 100% of
irrigation level it ranged from 61.67 (ATX-2-1) to 67.67 (ATX-BON-44) Moreover, for the R-lines it
ranged from 63.67 (R-5646) to 73.50 (ICSV- 273). While, for the crosses it ranged from 58.17
(ATX-623 x 89-V- 2084) to 73.00 (ATX-BON-44 x ICSV-273). The increasing in the average of days to
50% flowering for both female and male lines and crosses under sever water stress was
5.22, 5.38 and 4.71 days,
respectively. Days to 50% flowering for all studied genotypes increasing under water stress, means
water stress delay the days to 50% flowering.
Plant height over two locations indicated that plant height under 40% of irrigation level for the
female lines ranged from 80.00 (SPMD- 94002-A) to 138.00 (SPAN-94037-A) while, for the male lines
it ranged from 89.34 (R-5646) to 181.67 (ICSV-273). Moreover, for the crosses it ranged from
103.50 (ATX-2-1 x 89-V-2084) to 232.00 (ATX-2-1 x
ICSV-273). As well as, for the female lines under 100% of irrigation level it ranged from 102.50
(ATX-ARG-1) to 150.84 (SPAN-94037-A), moreover, for the R-lines it ranged from 97.00 (89-V-2084) to
200.84 (ICSV-273). While, for the crosses plant height ranged from 121.33 (ATX-2-1 x 89-V-2084) to
275.67 (ATX-2-1 x ICSV-273). The average
of crosses was significantly more than those of the female and male lines at each and over two
locations under the two irrigation levels indicating the heterotic effect. The plant height of the
most cross.es were shorter and significant than the check Shandaweel-2 at each and over two
locations under two irrigation levels. Whereas, the male line ICSV-273 gave the tallest plant
height of its crosses. The reductions in the average of plant height for the female, male lines and
crosses under severe water stress were 15.79, 15.07 and 24.02 em, respectively.
Panicle length over two locations for the female lines under 40% of irrigation level ranged from
19.55 (ATX-623) to 24.80 (SPAN-94037-A) while, for the male lines it ranged from 18.55 (RTX-2908)
to 24.32 (GD- 47814). Also, for the crosses it ranged from 21.67 (SPRU-94009-A x R- 5646) to 28.95
(SPAN-9403 7-A x P-46-1 ). As well as, for the female lines under I 00% of irrigation level it
ranged from 22.42 (ATX-BON-44) to 27.30 (SPAN-94037-A) while, for the male lines it ranged from
22.67 (ICSV-273) to 27.43 (89-V-2084). However, for the crosses it ranged from 24.84 (SPRU-94009-A
x R-5646) to 33.33 (SPAN-94037-A x P-46-
1). The average of panicle length of crosses significantly exceeded those of female and male lines
reflecting the heterotic effect. The reductions in the average of panicle length for the female,
male lines and crosses under severe water stress were 3.13, 3.49 and 3.63 cm.,respectively.
Panicle width over two locations showed that for the female lines under 40% of irrigation level
ranged from 3.82 (ATX-623) to 6.34 (SPAN-94037-A) while, for the male lines it ranged from 3.83
(RTX- 2908) to 8.67 (ICSV-273). Moreover, for the crosses it ranged from 4.64 (ATX-623 x
RTX-2908) to 7.09 (SPAN-94037-A x P-46-1). For the
female lines under 100% of irrigation level it ranged from 5.14 (SPRU-
94009-A) to 7.85 (SPAN-94037-A) while, for the male lines it ranged from 5.59
(R-5646) to 10.89 (ICSV-273). Also, panicle width for the crosses ranged from 5.69
(ATX-ARG-1 x RTX-2908) to 9.63 (SPAN- 94037-A x P-46-1 ). The reductions in the average of
panicle width for the female, male lines and crosses under severe water stress were 1.29,
1.80 · and 1.86 em., respectively.
Number of green leaves/plant over two locations for the female lines under 40% of irrigation level
ranged from4.34 (ATX-623) to 7.17 (SPAN-94037-A) while, for the male lines it ranged from 3.84
(RTX- 2908) to 8.67 (ICSV-273). Also, for the crosses it ranged from 4.17 (SPMD-94002-A x R-5646)
to 8.17 (ATX-ARG-1 x P-46-1 and SPAN-
94037-A x ICSV-273). However, number of green leaves for the female lines under I 00% of
irrigation level ranged from 6.50 (ATX-623) to I 0.00 (ATX-BON-44) while, for the male lines
it ranged from 7.33 (R- 5646) to 10.84 (ICSV-273). Also, for the crosses it ranged from 7.00
(SPMD-94002-A x RTX-2908) to 10.50 (ATX-ARG-1 x P-46-1 and
SPMD-94002-A x ICSV-273) The reductions in the average of no. of green leaves/plant for the female,
male lines and crosses under severe water stress were 2.00, 2.53 and 2.08, respectively.
The I 000-grain weight over two locations for the female lines under 40% of irrigation level
ranged from 19.47 (ATX-623) to 24.95 (SPAN-94037-A) while, for the male lines it ranged from 19.27
(R-5646) to 28.90 (GD-47814). Also, for the crosses it ranged from 19.78 (ATX BON-44 x 86-E0-361
sis) to 27.42 (ATX-623 x ICSV-273 and ATXc2-l
x GD-47814). Moreover, 1000-grain weight for the female lines under 100% of rrigation level ranged
from 24.57 (ATX-623) to 28.35 (SPMD- 94002-A) while, for the male lines it ranged from 24.93
(R-5646) to
31.07 (GD-4 7814). Also, for the crosses it ranged from 21.72 (ATX-2-1 x RTX-2908) to 30.69
(ATX-623 x GD-47814). The reductions in the average of I 000-grain weight for the female, male
lines and crosses under severe water stress were 3.53, 3.52 and 2.98 g, respectively.
The grain yield/plant over two locations for the female lines under
40% of irrigation level ranged from 30.82 (ATX-623) to 58.84 (SPAN- 94037-A) while, for the male
lines it ranged from 29.09 (R-5646) to
67.32 (ICSV-273). Also, for the crosses it ranged from 38.24 (ATX-623 x RTX-2908) to 86.02 (ATX-623
x ICSV-273). Moreover, grain yield/plant for the female lines under 100% of irrigation level ranged
from 48.47 (ATX-ARG-1) to 70.86 (SPAN-94037-A) while, for the male lines it ranged from 48.49
(P-46-1) to 81.88 (ICSV-273). Also, for the crosses it ranged from 57.84 (SPAN-94037-A x R-5646) to
101.64 (SPAN-94037-
A x ICSV-273). The crosses significantly outyielded more than their parents at each and over two
locations under both irrigation levels indicating the presence of heterosis. The reductions in the
average of grain yield/plant for the female, male lines and crosses under severe water stress were
12.81, 14.01 and 18.57 g, respectively.
At Sohag location, twenty-nine crosses and twenty-five at Assiut location had lowest DSI values.
While, the combined data over the two locations revealed that twenty-eight crosses had lowest DSI
values, that
means these crosses consider as a drought tolerant genotypes. The other two methods STI and P gave
generally similar results as DTI and DSI .
Generally, the forty-nine crosses can divided to 25 crosses obtained by crossing 5 female with 5
male lines as drought tolerance genotypes, seventeen crosses out of these twenty-five were drought
tolerant and three of them yielded significantly more than the check Shandaweel-2 these crosses
were ATX-2-1 x ICSV-273, SPAN-94037-A x 89-V-2084 and SPAN-94037-A x ICSV-273.
The two susceptible lines from each of the female and male were crossed to produce four crosses
which all of them were susceptible and yielded less than check Shandaweel-2.
Ten crosses were derived from (2 x 5), two lines as a female lines were susceptible and five lines
as male lines drought tolerant. The crosses which were derived, five out of ten were drought
tolerance and the other five were susceptible and only one cross (ATX-623 x ICSV -273) yielded more
than the check and it was drought tolerant.
Also, the other ten crosses were derived from (5 x 2), five lines as female lines were drought
tolerant and two lines as male lines were susceptible. Four out often crosses were drought tolerant
and six crosses were susceptible and non of them yielded more than the check.
Generally, the best crosses; ATX-623 x ICSV-273, ATX-2-1 x ICSV-273 and SPAN-94037-A x ICSV-273
gave the highest yield at Sohag, Assiut and over two locations under both irrigation levels. Also,
these crosses are drought tolerant and significantly outyielded than the check hybrid Shandaweel-2.
These crosses can be used in sorghum production under drought stress at Sohag and Assiut after
testing them in a large scale. Also, the male line ICSV-273 which used in these crosses can be
considerd the best tolerant restorer line and it can be used in crossing with more female lines.
II- Combining ability:-
The combined analysis of variance over irrigation levels at each location showed highly significant
differences among the crosses and their partitions (females, males and females x males) for all
the studied traits. These results indicated that the additive (GCA) and non-additive (SCA) were
important in the inheritance of these traits. Also, the interactions between irrigations and these
components were significant at both locations for all the studied traits, except for panicle length
the interaction between males x irrigations was insignificant at Sohag location. While, for the
panicle width the interactions between irrigations and these components were insignificant at both
locations except the interaction between females x males x irrigations was significant at Sohage
location. Also, for No. of green leaves the interaction between females x males x in·igations was
insignificant at both locations, while the interaction between females x irrigations was
insignificant at Assiut only.
For days to 50% flowering, the female lines ATX 2-1; SPRU- 94009-A and the male line 89-V-2084 had
negative and highly significant GCA effects under two irrigation levels at both and combined over
two locations. These lines were the best combiners for earliness. Morover, the crosses no. 2, 8,
18, 25, 31, 34, 41and 48 had negative and significant SCA effects under two irrigation levels at
both and combined over two locations. Means these crosses would be considered a good combinations
for earliness.
The female line SPRU-94009-A and the male lines ICSV-273; GD-
47814 had positive and highly sognificant GCA effect for plant hieght under two irrigation levels
at both and combined over two locations. These lines had favor gene for talleness. While, the
crosses no. 20, 30 and 31 had positive and significant SCA effect for plant hieght under two
irrigation levels at both and combined over two locations.
For panicle length, the female lines ATX-2-1; SPAN-94037-A and the male line P-46-1 had positive
and significant GCA effect under irrigation levels at both and combined over two locations. These
lines would be considerd as a best comboners for panicle length. while the cross SPAN-94037-A x
P-46-1 had positive and highly significant SCA effects under two irrigation levels at both
locations and combined over two locations.
For panicle width, the female line SPAN-94037-A had positive and highly significant GCA under
irrigation levels at both and over. two locations. This line had favorable gene action for panicle
width, while the male line ICSV -273 would be considered as a best combiner for this trait under
water stress conditions. The cross SPAN-94037-A x P-46-1 had positive and significant SCA effect
for panicle width under irrigation levels at both and over locations. This cross was considered
that have the best combination for panicle width under irrigation levels at both and over two
locations. While, the crosses no. 12 and 21 had the favorable gene and would be considered a good
combinations for this trait under water stress conditions.
The female line SPAN-94037-A and the male lines ICSV-273; GD-47814 had positive and highly
significant GCA effect for no. of green leaves under irrigation levels at both and over two
locations. These lines would be considered as a best combiners for increasing no. of green
leaves/plant. The crosses no. 5, I 0, 22 and 46 had positive and significant SCA effect for no. of
green leaves/plant over two locations under both irrigation levels. These crosses were considered a
best combinations for increasing no of green leaves/plant.
For 1000 grian weight, the female line SPRU-94009-A and the male lines 89-V-2084, ICSV-273;
GD-47814 had positive and significant GCA and would be considered the best combiners under
irrigation levels
at both and combined over locations. The crosses no. 6, 20 and 31 had positive and significant SCA
effect for 1000-grain weight for both and over two locations under irrigation levels. These crosses
were considered a best combinations for increasing the 1000-grain weight.
The female lines ATX-AGR-1; SPAN-94037-A and the male lines 89-V-2084, P-46-1, ICSV-273; GD-47814
had positive and highly significant GCA effect for grain yield/plant under irrigation levels at
both and combined over two locations. These lines would be considered the best combiners for grain
yield/plant. The crosses no. 6, 18, 23, 30, 31, 36, 40, 44 and 48 had positive and significant SCA
effect at both and combined over two locations under irrigation levels and would be considered a
best combinations for grain yield/plant. Moreover, the crosses ATX-623 x 86-E0-361sis, ATX-BON-44 x
GD-47814 and SPAN-94037-A x P-46-1 had positive and significant SCA under 100% irrigation level at
both and over two locations and would be considered a good combinations for grain yield/plant
under optimum conditions. While, the SCA for crosses ATX-BON-44 x 86-E0-361sis and SPMD- 94002-A x
GD-47814 were significant and positive under 40% of irrigation level at both and over two locations
and they would be considered a good combinations under stress conditions.
III- Heterosis :-
The combined data over two locations under 40% of irrigation level showed that heterosis values
for days to 50% flowering ranged from
-9.81 to 11.41%, twenty out of forty-nine crosses had negative and significant heterosis. Under
100% of irrigation level heterosis values for days to 50% flowering ranged from -8.24 to 7.95%,
seventeen out of forty-nine crosses had negative and significant heterosis. The heterosis of
days to 50% flowering for fifteen crosses were negative and significant
under two water irrigation levels.
Under 40% of irrigation level, heterosis values for plant height ranged from 0.89 to 37.53%, most
of crosses had positive and significant. Also, under 100% of irrigation level the heterosis ranged
from
2.55 to 52.38%. The most of crosses were significantly taller than the best parent and the
heterosis of twenty two crosses were positive and highly significant under two irrigation levels at
both and over two locations.
For panicle length, under 40% of irrigation level heterosis values ranged from -5.79 to 23.16%,
twenty-one out of forty-nine crosses had positive and significant heterosis. Also, under 100% of
irrigation level ranged from -4.12 to 28.99%, thirty out of forty-nine crosses had positive and
significant heterosis. The heterosis for seventeen crosses were positive and highly significant
under..two irrigation levels.
Heterosis values for panicle width under 40% of irrigation level, varied from -25.75 to 38.33%.
Eighteen out of forty-nine crosses had positive and highly significant heterosis. Under 100% of
irrigation level heterosis values for panicle width ranged from -36.89 to 33.51%, twenty one
crosses had positive and highly significant heterosis. The heterosis for nine crosses were positive
and highly significant under both irrigation levels.
Data over two locations under 40% of irrigation level heterosis
values for number of green leaves ranged from -24.53 to 26.59%, three crosses only had positive and
significant heterosis. Under 100% of irrigation level heterosis values for number of green leaves
ranged from
-25.00 to 12.00%.
Under 40% of irrigation level heterosis values for 1000-grain weight varied from -18.62 to
23.79%, crosses no. 6, 13, 20,27 and 37