الفهرس 
General introductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 201 |  |  |
| | | from | 201 | | |
Abstract
There has been a significant rise in life expectancy in the past few decades and this phenomenon was deeply associated with an increased rate in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. It was proven that inflammation and inflammatory mediators contribute to acute, chronic and psychiatric CNS disorders such as AD which is characterized by microglial-mediated inflammatory response associated with neuronal death. Several studies suggested that chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreased the risk of AD or slow its progression. However the blood-brain barrier (BBB) denies many therapeutic agents access to brain and is the bottleneck in brain drug delivery. It excludes from the brain ~100% of large-molecule neurotherapeutics and more than 98% of all small-molecule drugs which presents a huge challenge and limits the CNS disease prognosis. Therefore, the treatment of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases using NSAIDs has been relatively inefficient because these drugs are unable to reach the brain at the necessary therapeutic levels.
Among the attempts to circumvent the BBB and expose the brain to therapeutic or diagnostic agents is to transport the drugs along the olfactory pathway as the transnasally applied drugs can be rapidly transported into the CNS via the unique connection between the olfactory and trigeminal nervous system.
Over the past few years, the colloidal drug delivery system, such as microemulsion was given greater attention owing to its great potential for achieving drug targeting as well as increased drug solubilization among many other advantages.