الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for >5% of all human cancers and for 80% - 90% of primary liver cancer. It is a major health problem worldwide being the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women, the most common cause of cancer-related death in world.
Human ACE gene is located at 17q23 , weighs 21kd and consists of 26 exons. It encodes angiotensin –II (AT-II). This gene contains a polymorphism based on the presence (insertion [I]) or absence (deletion[D]) of 287 –bp alu sequence in intron 16 resulting in three genotypes (deletion/deletion [DD], insertion/insertion [II] and deletion/insertion [DI]).
The aim of study was to investigate the association of ACE gene polymorphisms with risk to develop hepatocellular carcinoma in a group of Egyptian HCV and HBV patients hoping to identify new functionally relevant HCC-specific genes for therapeutic targets.
The present study was carried out 75 subjects, 61 males and 14 females, their ages ranged between 35-65 years. With mean +- SD=49.27+- 5.80.The studied subjects were divided into three groups. group I (control group) included 15 apparently healthy subjects (13 males and 2 females), their age ranged between 40-60 years, and group II (chronic hepatitis) included 30 patients (24 males and 6 females), their age ranged between 40-61 years, group III: Included 30 HCC (24 males, 6females). Their ages ranged between 36-65 years.
All subjects were submitted to the followings, History taking, clinical examination, and laboratory investigations. These include detection ACE polymorphism using conventional PCR.
The results- of study revealed that:
In chronic liver:
The distribution of different genotypes of as ACE gene polymorphism is follow 20% DD, 40% DI, 40% II
There is no significant difference among three genotypes regarding age , gender, laboratory parameters (liver function) and CHILD score.
There is no significant difference in genetic distribution of ACE gene polymorphism between chronic liver and control and there significant difference betweenchronic liver and HCC regarding DD to the reference genotypes II
In HCC group:
The distribution of different genotypes of as ACE gene polymorphism is follow 40% DD, 40% DI, 20% II
There is no significant difference among three genotypes regarding age, gender, and laboratory parameters (liver function).
There is significant difference in genetic distribution of ACE gene polymorphism between HCC and control.
There is significant difference between the three genotypes regarding CHILD score and tumor siz In control group:
The distribution of different genotypes of as ACE gene polymorphism is follow 6.7% DD, 26.7% DI, 66.7% II
As regard genotype distribution, there is significant different in the distribution of genotypes between HCC patients and control.