الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was mainly aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of some artificial sweeteners by using Allium cepa as a model test plant and investigate its sensitivity to the chosen artificial sweeteners (Aspartame with concentrations 400mg/L, 600mg/L, 800mg/L and 1000mg/L. Sorbitol with concentrations 2.5gm/100ml, 5gm/100ml, 7.5gm/100ml and 10gm/100ml and Sucralose with concentrations 1gm/100ml, 3gm/100ml, 5gm/100ml and 7gm/100ml ). The aim of this study was achieved by, Monitoring the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aspartame, sorbitol and sucralose by using higher plant bioassay (Allium cepa) for two exposure times (24h and 48h) to assess the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the chosen artificial sweeteners samples by using some parameters as changes in mitotic index, phase index and total chromosomal aberrations in dividing and non-diving cells , Biochemical study includes protein electrophoresis analysis using SDS-PAGE technique and Molecular study includes DNA finger printing using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) technique. For cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay, the majority of the treatments were found to induce considerable changes in mitotic index, phase index and total abnormalities of Allium cepa in the treatments than that of the control. For cytotoxicity determination, dividing cells with any of the under listed abnormalities were recorded, namely : micronucleus in interphase and prophase stage, stickiness, non-congression, star- metaphase, chromosome ring , two-groups and disturbed metaphase and late separation, diagonal, bridge, laggard and disturbed in anaphase as well as telophase. Electrophoretic analysis of protein profile (SDS-PAGE) of the investigated artificial sweeteners showed that the total number of the bands was 18 bands with molecular weight ranging from 41.70 to 96.36 KDa. There are 8 monomorphic bands and 10 polymorphic bands. In the present study, four tested primers were used to study the effect of artificial sweeteners on Allium cepa. A total of 34 well-defined ISSR markers were obtained as a result of fingerprinting of root tips of Allium cepa treated with 3 artificial sweeteners. The amplicon size varying from 340 to 5100 bp .Of the 34 amplified bands, 12 were common in control and all treatments with artificial sweeteners (aspartame, sorbitol and sucralose) and 22 were polymorphic bands. The number of polymorphic bands varied from five bands in 841 primers, one band in 845 primer, five bands in 848 primer and eleven bands in 856 primers. Therefore, the effects of sweeteners on human health should be extensively investigated, especially when used at high concentrations in foods and beverages. It should be used within narrow limits and at very low concentrations to avoid their mutagenic effects on human health.