الفهرس 
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Abstract
Water pollution is adding substances that alter the chemical composition, microbial composition, or temperature of water to the degree that harm occurs to resident organisms or humans. Heavy metals are one of the pollutants that cause water pollution. Oyster have been considered to be potential bioindicator for monitoring metal pollution in marine environment that it is a sessile organism. In the present study 100 oyster samples were collected from Damietta city markets to estimate the heavy metals ( Lead; Pb, Cadmium; Cd and Mercury; Hg) in samples. Results showed that metal pollution in oyster can be arranged in descending order as follow : Pb, Hg and Cd and their concentrations were ( Pb Min 0.600, Max: 5.810 and mean: 2.16 Ppm), (Cd Min: 0.0500, Max: 0.800 and Mean: 0.2830 ppm) and ( Hg Min: 0.0130, Max: 0.8760 and Mean: 0.2919 ppm). Results confirmed that oyster samples were safe from cadmium pollution but they were subjected to variables degree of pollution with lead and mercury. Albino rats (Rattus norvejicus) were subjected to the same dosage of heavy metals ( Pb, Cd or Hg each alone) that found in the oyster samples to study the effects of these metals on the hematological, physiologyical and immunological parameters of the albino rats in acute and chronic treatments.In the first experiment, the maximum concentration of heavy metals were used for the cute treatment for 48 hours ( n =5/group)and in the second experiment, the mean concentrations were used for chronic treatment for 6 weeks and followed by 2 withdrawal weeks (n = 20/ group). The aim of the present study was to investigate the impacct of exposure to lead, cadmium or mercury on ( the performance rate inclding body weigt, body weight gain and organ weights, the metabolic constituents including glucose, total proteins, albumin, globulin, total lipids, cholesterol and urea, the enzymatic activities including AST, ALT, ALP and ACP, hematological parameters, Red blood cell count, hemoglobin concent and packed cell volume and immunological parameters, white blood cell count and differential leucocytes count. Results showed that all treted group significantly decrease body weight and body weight gain in the chronic treatment. Absolute and relative weight of liver, heart , kidneys and testicles showed significant increase while showed a significant decrease for spleen in acute treatment. In chronic treatment all organ weight showed significant increase followed by significant decrease. Glucose, total proteins, globulin, albumin and urea showed significant increase in all treated groups in acute treatmenrs, also the same results detected in the chronic treatment except for albumin, total lipids and cholesterol which showed significant decrease.AST, ALT, ALP and ACP showed sigificant increase in all treated groups in acute treatment, while AST and ALT showrd significant decrease followed by significant increase in the chronic treatment, ALP significantly decrease and ACP significantly increase in the chronic treatment. RBCs, HB content and PCV showed significant decrease in all treated group in both treatment except for cadmium treated geoup which increase RBCs and Hg content in chronic treatment. WBCs count showed significant decrease and increase in both acute and chronic treatments respectively. Lymphocytes showed significant decrease and increase in acute and chronic treatment respectively, macrophages showed a significant increase in both acute and chronic treatment. In the chronic treatment granular leucocyte showed significant decrease followed by increase and then decrease at the end of treatment. The witjhdrawal of heavy metals for 2 weeks after 6 weeks exposure in the chronic treatment resulted in the gradual and partially recovery the normal values of the studied parameters.