الفهرس 
Poor quality roughage and their characteristicsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was conducted in Animal Production Department Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Shoubra El Kheima, Kalubeya Province, Egypt,
This research was aimed to compare between different treatment (chemical and biological treatment) on three of the common poor quality roughage used in Egypt to improve its nutritive value for ruminant nutrition, for this objective we studied the effect of different treatment on chemical composition, some fermentation studies (in vitro dry matter dis appearance and in vitro organic matter disappearance) and some nutritive value were done.
This experiment divided into laboratory experiment and field experiment, laboratory experiment contain two different chemical treatment with a different levels and mix of it and biological treatment and mix of chemical and biological treatment
All of these treatments treated and lasted in polyethylene bags under anaerobic condition for (0, 15, 17 and 19) days.
from the previous data the statistical analysis calculated dependent on:
1. Ensilage time without treatment.
2. Between treatment without ensilage time.
from the comparison between treatments basis on ensilage time without treatments, we found that the best proximate analysis was in the period between 17 :21 days, in the same time the best of it was 21 days where we observed that high crude fiber degradation and high value of nitrogen free extract and the results are confirmed with IVDMD and IVOMD and all of that the same between three roughage under study.
In the same time the comparison between roughage depended on treatments without ensilage time, found differences between the response of types of roughage for treatments.
1. Crude protein content:
No significant differences between sodium hydroxide treatments in crude protein percentage in the same time the highest value was for biochemical treatment then urea treatments.
2. Crude fiber content :
Effect of treatments on roughage crude fiber content different from treatment to another one so the most degradation was sodium hydroxide 3% then the biochemical treatments then urea treatments and finally sodium hydroxide 1%.
3. Ether extract:
The effect of treatments on ether extract varied increasing on biological and biochemical and decreasing with sodium hydroxide treatments.
4. NFE:
On the contrary of crude fiber nitrogen free extract increase as result for treatments while the NFE released from degradation of crude fiber so the best treatment was sodium hydroxide then biochemical treatments and finally urea treatments.
Field treatment:
Fifteen growing barkii male sheep of 7-8 months old and weighing on average 42.6 kg BW were used in 90 days feeding trial. Animals were divided in to five treatments to study the effect of sodium hydroxide or urea and ZAD on animal performance.
The experimental rations were as follow:
Control ration (T1): consisted of concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus alfalfa hay.
1st tested ration (T2): consisted of a CFM (50%) plus (25%) alfalfa hay and (25%) corn stalk (treated with 3% urea + ZAD 20ml/L)
2nd tested ration (T3): consisted of a CFM (50%) plus (25%) alfalfa hay and (25%) rice straw (treated with 3% urea + ZAD 20ml/L).
3rd tested ration (T4): consisted of a CFM (50%) plus (25%) alfalfa hay and (25%) rice straw treated with 2% Na OH.
4th tested ration (T5): consisted of a CFM (50%) plus (25%) alfalfa hay and (25%) wheat straw treated with 2% Na OH.
Digestibility trials were carried out to evaluate the nutritive value of these experimental diets with sheep.
Results showed that daily intake of dry matter, organic matter and feed components were insignificantly affected by the dietary treated of sodium hydroxide or supplementing 3% urea and ZAD (20ml /L) to corn stalk or rice straw improved (P< 0.05) OM, CF, EE and NFE digestibility and nutritive value (TDN and DCP).mean of TVF’s were significantly lower (P< 0.05) in all treatments than these of the control rice straw (T1) at 4 & 24 hrs.
Blood constituent’s data showed that total protein globulin, and ALT concentration in all treatments increased at 4hrs, decreased significantly (P< 0.05) by T2, T3, T4 and T5. On the contrary, albumin concentration of all treatments increased at 4 hrs. Post feeding significantly (P<0.05) as compared with control (T1).
Data showed that average of daily gain was 200.3, 209.8 and 234.3 gm / head / day for T1, T3 and T4 inceptively.
Generally, adding sodium hydroxide or urea and ZAD with poor quality roughage in diets. Growing sheep is recommended to improve animal performance however 3% urea and ZAD (20 ml on rice straw result in a better performance.
Key words: Barkii sheep, sodium hydroxide, urea, ZAD. Digestibility, fermentation, blood constituents, body gain
Conclusions:
The results of the present study suggested that we can use alternative sources of feed like rice straw , wheat straw and corn stalk which treated with chemical (sodium hydroxide 2%) and biochemical ( ZAD 20ml/litter +Urea3%) treatments to improve its nutritive value.